【正文】 寫作要點(diǎn)Some people believe that children can learn effectively by watching TV and they should be encouraged to watch TV both at home and at school. To what extent do you agree or disagree?看電視（特別是提供有用信息的電視）被認(rèn)為是一種有效的學(xué)習(xí)方法，因?yàn)橐暵犘畔⒖梢晕龑W(xué)生的注意力并吸引他們的興趣。雖然很多電視節(jié)目都具有教育價(jià)值，但我不同意增加屏幕時(shí)間的想法。觀看電視會(huì)干擾兒童的學(xué)習(xí)和其他有利于這些兒童的智力發(fā)展活動(dòng)，他們可能無法在考試中取得好成績，因?yàn)槠聊粫r(shí)間取代了他們花時(shí)間做作業(yè)的時(shí)間。同樣令人擔(dān)憂的是，電視收看可以擠出那些能夠提高兒童智力技能的活動(dòng)，如閱讀，下棋和棋盤游戲。另一個(gè)問題是，長時(shí)間的屏幕時(shí)間會(huì)限制孩子的社會(huì)發(fā)展。那些坐在電視機(jī)前好幾個(gè)小時(shí)、而不是同齡人玩游戲，與老師進(jìn)行交流的孩子，會(huì)變得不善社交，不愿意發(fā)表自己的看法，不理解別人的想法。如果沒有良好的溝通技巧，他們將很難獲得知識(shí)，借鑒同學(xué)或老師的想法，并取得學(xué)術(shù)上的成功。另一方面，我知道電視讓孩子們進(jìn)入了一個(gè)知識(shí)世界。有許多針對(duì)兒童的教育項(xiàng)目，使他們能夠深入了解不同的學(xué)科。例如，紀(jì)錄片可以幫助孩子學(xué)習(xí)歷史事件，而外語頻道可以幫助他們學(xué)習(xí)外語。這種知識(shí)可以補(bǔ)充他們在學(xué)校學(xué)到的東西?？偠灾?，我認(rèn)為父母和老師應(yīng)該對(duì)孩子的電視收看施加限制，盡管電視節(jié)目是知識(shí)的來源?？措娨晻?huì)對(duì)考試成績和社交技能產(chǎn)生不利影響。英文全文Watching television (especially informative television) has been recognised as an effective method of learning, because audiovisual information can attract students39。 attention and engage their interest. Although many TV programmes have educational value, I do not agree with the idea of increasing screen time.Television viewing can interfere with children39。s studies and other activities which can benefit these children39。s intellectual development. They may not be able to achieve good grades in exams because screen time displaces the time they could spend doing homework. It is also worrying to see that television viewing can crowd out those activities which can improve children39。s intellectual skills, such as reading, playing chess and board games.Another problem is that long screen time can limit children39。s social development. Those children who sit in front of their TV for many hours, instead of playing games with their peers and municating with teachers, will bee unsociable and unwilling to express their views and understand the thoughts of other people. Without good munication skills, they will have difficulty in gaining knowledge, drawing upon the ideas of classmates or teachers, and achieving academic success. On the other hand, I understand that television has exposed children to a world of knowledge. There are many educational programmes aimed for children, allowing them to gain insight into different subjects. For example, documentaries can help children learn about historical events and figures while foreign language channels can help them acquire foreign languages. This kind of knowledge can plement what they learn at school.To summarise, I would argue that parents and teachers should impose restrictions on children39。s television viewing, although television shows are a source of knowledge. Watching TV can have an adverse impact on exam grades and social skills.4 即拋文化全文翻譯4：消費(fèi)社會(huì)報(bào)告類題目寫作要點(diǎn)It is argued that we are living in a throwaway society people throw away what they use in daily life, instead of recycling or reusing them.Why has this happened and how to address this issue?人們可能只使用一次產(chǎn)品，而不是長期保存它們。了解為什么要即拋文化發(fā)展以及如何扭轉(zhuǎn)這一趨勢是很重要的。由于這些產(chǎn)品不像以前那樣昂貴，現(xiàn)在的消費(fèi)者沒有貨物很長一段時(shí)間。技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)降低了生產(chǎn)成本，提高了勞動(dòng)力的生產(chǎn)力。手機(jī)，電腦等電子產(chǎn)品現(xiàn)在價(jià)格低廉，這就是為什么很多人購買最新的產(chǎn)品，而不是修理破損的產(chǎn)品。特別是年輕人，更愿意購買最新的手機(jī)，并將舊手機(jī)扔掉。另一個(gè)原因是人們?nèi)狈Νh(huán)保意識(shí)。人們還沒有意識(shí)到自己的生活方式會(huì)導(dǎo)致能源消耗，造成浪費(fèi)和污染。他們不知道家用電器可能會(huì)進(jìn)入垃圾填埋場，這些不可生物降解的產(chǎn)品會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成破壞性影響。如果他們意識(shí)到回收可以使他們的生活方式更具可持續(xù)性，他們可能會(huì)嘗試重復(fù)使用產(chǎn)品。由于消費(fèi)品過度消費(fèi)普遍存在，因此采取措施緩解這一問題十分重要。首先是提高環(huán)保意識(shí)，教育人們改變使用方式和處理不同的產(chǎn)品。政府也可以執(zhí)行一些法律來阻止消費(fèi)者扔掉貨物。例如，對(duì)一些一次性產(chǎn)品（包括塑料袋）的使用可能會(huì)施加稅收懲罰，從而鼓勵(lì)人們使用環(huán)保替代品?？傊?，人們對(duì)消費(fèi)和降價(jià)的態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變是消費(fèi)品過度消費(fèi)的原因。要成功解決這個(gè)問題，首先要提高人們的環(huán)保意識(shí)，激勵(lì)他們改變生活方式。英文全文People are likely to use products only once instead of keeping them for a long time. It is important to understand why this throwaway culture develop and how to reverse this trend.Consumers today do not keep many goods for a long period of time because these products are not as expensive as before. Technological innovations and mass production have reduced the cost of production and improved the productivity of the workforce. Some electronic products such as mobile phones and puters are now sold at low prices, and this is why many people would purchase the newest products, instead of fixing broken ones. Young people in particular, prefer to purchase the latest mobile phones with uptodate and features and throw old ones away.Another reason is that people lack environmental awareness. People have not yet realised that their ways of life will lead to energy consumption and cause waste as well as pollution. They do not know that household appliances can end up in landfill sites and these nonbiodegradable products can have a destructive effect on environment. If they are aware that recycling can make their lifestyles more sustainable, they will possibly try to reuse products.As the overconsumption of consumer goods is pervasive, it is important to take some measures to mitigate this problem. The first one is raising environmental awareness, educating people to change the ways they use and dispose of different products. Governments can also enforce some laws to deter consumers from throwing away goods. For example, the tax penalty can be imposed on the use of some disposable products, including plastic bags, thereby encouraging people to use ecofriendly alternatives.To summarise, people39。s changing attitude towards consumption and price cuts are reasons behind the excessive consumption of consumer goods. To address this problem successfully, the top priority is to raise people39。s awareness of environmental protection and motivate them to change their lifestyles.5 城鄉(xiāng)遷徙全文翻譯5：城鄉(xiāng)轉(zhuǎn)移+混合類題目寫作要點(diǎn)+開頭段的寫作Many people are moving from rural areas to big cities. Why has this happened?To what extent do you think it is a good trend?現(xiàn)在很多農(nóng)村人選擇遷徙到城市，相信他們更有可能在城市找到工作，享受更好的生活質(zhì)量，但是人口的流動(dòng)會(huì)帶來很多問題。這些人做出這個(gè)決定有兩個(gè)主要原因。首先，城市人口較密集，有更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，可以賺更多的錢。這意味著他們可以提高生活水平，并提供比以往更多的消費(fèi)品。相反，農(nóng)村就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)不多，由于許多行業(yè)不發(fā)達(dá)，居民購買力有限。城市生活的另一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是城市居民可以輕松獲得公共服務(wù)，包括教育和醫(yī)療保健，而曾經(jīng)居住在農(nóng)村的年輕夫婦打算送子女到城市學(xué)校為將來更好的工作機(jī)會(huì)做好準(zhǔn)備。城市居民人數(shù)的增加會(huì)給城市的住房和設(shè)施帶來巨大的壓力。由于土地短缺，一些城市無法容納大量人口。許多移民最終生活在貧民窟，生活條件惡劣，因?yàn)樗麄冑I不起房子。所有城市居民的健康狀況都很差，因?yàn)槌鞘性O(shè)施不具備有效管理廢棄物和污水的能力，并滿足日益增長的清潔用水需求。與農(nóng)村向城市轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)的另一個(gè)問題是，城鄉(xiāng)收入差距將會(huì)增加，而不是減少。雄心勃勃，精力充沛，勤奮創(chuàng)新的年輕人更愿意到城市尋求教育和就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。因此，勞動(dòng)力短缺已成為