【正文】 low/permit/advise doing sth) 2). 與表示說話或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞 say, report, believe, suppose, think, understand, consider等的被動(dòng)語態(tài)連用 . eg: He is said to have written a new book about workers. 3). 與表示希望，期望，意愿的動(dòng)詞 expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, think, want, wish的過去時(shí)態(tài)連用，表曾經(jīng)打算設(shè)想做卻沒做的事 . eg: They expected to have gone to the match, but the tickets were all sold. They had expected to go to the match. 四 , 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 時(shí)態(tài) : 三態(tài) to do/ to be doing/ to have done 一般式 表示的動(dòng)作通常與句中謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)或在其后發(fā)生 eg: We saw him go to the shop. 進(jìn)行式 表示不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行 . eg: He pretended to be working hard. 完成式 表示不定式動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)作 /狀態(tài)前發(fā)生 . I’m glad to have seen your mother. eg: I happened to have read the book. 動(dòng)詞不定式 To 的幾種常見的省略形式 ? 非謂語動(dòng)詞歷來是高考中的重點(diǎn)，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在考點(diǎn)中常占很大比重。其中 TO的用法很復(fù)雜，現(xiàn)就 TO在一些結(jié)構(gòu)中常被省略的情況作如下小結(jié)。 1．感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中不需要帶 to，即我們常說的“一覺二聽三讓五看”： feel, listen to 、hear ,let、 make、 have, see、 watch、 notice、 observe、look at. ? He noticed Tom take a branch of flowers in his hand. 他注意到湯姆手中拿著一束鮮花。 The teacher has us write a position every week. 老師要我們每周寫一篇文章。 注： 除 let 外其他在變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要加上 to。 The person was seen to enter the shop by us . 我們看見那個(gè)人進(jìn)了那家商店。 ? 2 由 all， what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句或者主語被 only, first, one, least 或形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)，而且從句中含有 do時(shí)，其表語如果是動(dòng)詞不定式，則往往省去 to。 All I did was empty the 。What I wanted to do was drive all 開車。 The only thing I could do was do it myself 。我惟一能做的是我自己解決。 ? 3． 常用的結(jié)構(gòu) may well do， may as well do (還是 …好了 )及 but或 except后接不定式時(shí)，如果它們前面有 do便可省略 to， 其結(jié)構(gòu)為 can not do but（ do)… ， can not help but (do)不得不 … 等句型， We might as well put up here for 就在這兒過夜。 She can do nothing but/except 除了唱歌什么也沒做。 There is nothing he could do but play all day long。他除了整天玩，別無它事可做。 ? 4． 不定式做 help后的賓語補(bǔ)足語或賓語時(shí)，可帶 to也可不帶 。 Can I help（ to） carry it for you? 我可以幫你搬嗎？ I helped him（ to） mend the bike. 我?guī)椭蘩碜孕熊嚒? ? 5． 在 had better， would rather， rather than之后省略 to。 You39。d better not tell him the news . 你最好不把這個(gè)消息告訴他。 Rather than wait anyone, I decided to go home by taxi. 我決定乘出租車回家而不愿等候任何人。 ? 一、后接不定式的動(dòng)詞 ? 賓語 的動(dòng)詞 hope, agree, dare, decide, determine｜｜ begin, start, refuse, prepare,offer｜｜manage,try, aim, fet, remember ， choose｜｜ seem, pretend, learn, love, hate (可記：希望同意敢決定，開始拒絕備提供，設(shè)法瞄準(zhǔn)忘記選，似乎假裝學(xué)愛憎。 ) ? 賓補(bǔ) permit,request,allow,mand,tell,invite,cause,encourage｜｜ warn,adivse,persuade｜｜force,order,remind,teach (可記首字母： practice wap fort 實(shí)踐攻克堡壘。 ) ? 既作賓語又可作賓補(bǔ) ask,beg,like,preter,help,promise,wish,want,expect ? 二、不定式省略 to的現(xiàn)象： ? had better,would rather, why not…,do nothing but,would rather…than 以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后 Tom would rather play tennis than swim. I could do nothing but wait for you. ? see,hear,watch,notice,feel,observe,let,make,have等感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后接不帶 to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但當(dāng)這些動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)時(shí)其后的不定式必須帶 to. He saw two men enter the room. I was made to do it ? 否定不定式時(shí)，否定副詞 not或 never,seldom,hardly等要置于 to前。 如 :She checked the names so as not to make mistakes. ? 句中不定式需要有邏輯主語時(shí)，常用 for+名詞 (或代詞賓語 )+不定式，構(gòu)成不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 It is very important for us to learn English well. 但某些形容詞如 kind, clever, foolish, wise, nice, generous, silly, stupid等， 是表示不定式的邏輯主語的性質(zhì)或特征的，常用 of引導(dǎo)不定式的邏輯主語 It was wise of him to do that. ? 句子的主語是不定式的邏輯主語，不定式用主動(dòng)式。如 ： I need to buy a puter. 句子的主語是不定式的邏 The fridge needs to be repaired. ? 六、區(qū)分不定式小品詞 to和介詞 to to為不定的小品詞，后接動(dòng)詞原形 be able to,be about to,have to,ought to,too…to,in order to,so as to,used to You ought to follow your father39。s advice. ? to為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或 Ving形式 pay attention to,look forward to,be/get used to(習(xí)慣于 ),lead to,stick to,belong to,devote oneself to I39。m looking forward to seeing you again. ? ? I want to have something to read. ? ，所以當(dāng)不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞或不定式的動(dòng)詞與其所修飾的詞之間構(gòu)不成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，其后需加一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 I need a pen to write with. ? 八、 疑問詞 how,when,what,where,which以及whether與不定式連用，在句中作主語、表語或賓語，其功能相當(dāng)于名詞性從句 Where to go has not been decided yet. （ Where we shall go has not been decided yet.） ? 九、 有些動(dòng)詞 (stop,fet,remember,regret,like等 )后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，意思差別很大 。如：