【正文】
別: ★ have / has been (to) 表示“曾經(jīng)去過”某地,說話時(shí)此人很可能不在那里,已經(jīng)回來。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。 ★ have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已經(jīng)去了”某地,說話時(shí)此人在那里,或可能在路上,反正不在這里。 試比較: He has been to Beijing. 他曾去過北京。 (人已回來,可能在這兒) He has gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去了北京。 (人已走,不在這兒)。 一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)之比較 ? 1)過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。 ? 2)過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用,或無時(shí)間狀語。 ? ◎ 一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有: yesterday, last week, …ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語。 ? ◎ 共同的時(shí)間狀語有: this morning, tonight, this April, now, once, before, already, recently, lately等。 ? ◎ 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 等不確定的時(shí)間狀語。 請(qǐng)大家認(rèn)真分析比較下列各例句: ? I saw this film yesterday. ? (強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。) ? I have seen this film. ? (強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。) ? She has returned from Paris. ? (她已從巴黎回來了。) ? She returned yesterday. ? (她是昨天回來了。) ? He has been in the League for three years. ? (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù) ) ? He joined the L