【正文】 romagnetic Radiation Sources電磁輻射源的種類 Electromagnetic Spectrum 電磁頻譜 Penetrating Ability or “Quality” of XRays and Gamma Rays X射線、γ射線的穿透或“線質(zhì)” Spectrum of XRay Tube Sources X射線管源的頻譜 Spectrum of GammaRadioisotope Source 放射線γ射線的頻譜 XRay TubeChange of mA or kV, Effect on “Quality” and Intensity X射線管毫安值或千伏值變化對(duì)線質(zhì)和強(qiáng)度的影響2 Basic Principles of Radiography 射線照相的基本原理 Geometric Exposure Principles 幾何曝光原理 “Shadow” Formation and Distortion “陰影”成像和畸變 Shadow Enlargement Calculation陰影放大計(jì)算 Shadow sharpness陰影清晰度 Geometric Unsharpness幾何不清晰度 Finding Defect Depth缺陷深度測(cè)定 Radiographic Screens 射線照相增感屏 Lead foil Intensifying screens鉛箔增感屏 Fluorescent Intensifying screens熒光增感屏 Intensifying Factors增感系數(shù) Importance of screentoFilm contact屏片緊貼的重要性 Importance of Screen cleanliness and care屏的清潔度和保潔重要性 Techniques for cleaning screens屏的清潔方法 Radiographic Cassettes膠片暗盒 Composition of Industrial Radiographic Film 工業(yè)射線膠片的比較 The “Heel Effect” with XRay TubesX射線管靶傾斜效應(yīng)3 Radiographs 射線照相 Formation of the Latent Image on Film膠片潛像的形成 Inherent Unsharpness 固有不清晰度 Arithmetic of Radiograph Exposure射線曝光量的計(jì)算 Milliamperedistancetime Relationship毫安距離時(shí)間三者關(guān)系 Reciprocity law曝光互易律 Photographic Density底片黑度 XRay Exposure chartsmaterial Thickness, KV and ExposureX射線曝光曲線(材料厚度,千伏值和曝光量) GammaRay Exposure chartγ射線曝光曲線 Inversesquarelaw considerations平方反比律 Calculation of Exposure Time for GammaRay and XRay SourcesX射線源和γ射線源,曝光時(shí)間的計(jì)算 The Characteristic Hurter and Driffield (H and D) Curve 膠片特性曲線( HD曲線 ) Film Speed and Class Descriptions 膠片速度和等級(jí) of Film for Particular Purpose 特殊目用途的膠片選擇4 Radiographic Image Quality 射線照相影像質(zhì)量 Radiographic Sensitivity射線膠片的感光度 Radiographic Contrast 射線照相對(duì)比度 Film Contrast 膠片對(duì)比度 Subject Contrast 主因?qū)Ρ榷?Definition清晰度 Film Graininess and Screen Mottle Effects膠片顆粒性和屏斑效應(yīng) Penetrometers or Image Quality Indicators 透度計(jì)或像質(zhì)計(jì)5 Film Handling, Loading, and Processing 膠片操作、裝卸及沖洗 Safe Light and Darkroom Practices 安全燈及暗室操作 Loading Bench and Cleanliness 裝片臺(tái)和清潔性 Opening of Film Boxes and Packets 膠片暗盒或暗袋的打開 Loading of Film for Sealing Cassettes 密封暗盒裝片 Handling Techniques for “Green Film” “綠片”操作技術(shù) Elements of Manual Film Processing 手工洗片要領(lǐng)6 Exposure Techniques of Radiography 射線照相曝光技術(shù) SingleWall Radiography 單壁透照 DoubleWall Radiography雙壁透照 Viewing Two walls simultaneously雙壁雙影 Offset doublewall Exposure singlewall Viewing雙壁單影 Elliptical Techniques橢圓投影 Panoramic Radiography 全景曝光 Use of MultipleFilm Loading 多膠片法 Specimen Configuration 試件布置7 Fluoroscopic Techniques射線熒屏觀測(cè)法 Dark Adaptation and Eye Sensitivity 暗適應(yīng)及眼睛的敏感度 Special Scattered Radiation Techniques 特殊的散射線檢測(cè)法 Personnel Protection 人體防護(hù) Sensitivity 靈敏度 Limitations 局限性 Direct Screen Viewing 直接屏觀察 Indirect and Remote Screen Viewing 間接或遠(yuǎn)距離屏觀察1* 2*Total Hours of Instruction this Course（c） 15hr 10hrTotal Hours of RT LEVEL Ⅰ 40hr 30hr大綱 C 培訓(xùn)學(xué)時(shí) 15小時(shí) 10小時(shí)RT Ⅰ級(jí)培訓(xùn)總學(xué)時(shí) 40小時(shí) 30小時(shí)Note: 1* High school graduate or equivalent 2* Completion with passing grades of at least two years of engineering or science study at a university, college, or technical school.注: 1* 高中畢業(yè)或相當(dāng)于高中畢業(yè)的學(xué)歷2* 至少二年理工科大學(xué)、學(xué)院或技術(shù)學(xué)校畢業(yè)FOR LEVEL Ⅱ RT RT Ⅱ級(jí)人員A、Film Quality and Manufacturing Processes Course 底片質(zhì)量及制作工藝1 Review of Basic Radiographic Principles射線照相基本原理概述 Interaction of Radiation with Matter 射線與物質(zhì)和相互作用 Math Review 數(shù)學(xué)復(fù)習(xí) Exposure Calculations曝光計(jì)算 Geometric Exposure Principles 幾何曝光原理 RadiographicImage Quality Parameters射線照相像質(zhì)參數(shù)2 Darkroom Facilities, Techniques, and Processing暗室設(shè)施、技術(shù)和處理 Facilities and Equipment 裝置和設(shè)備 Automatic Film Processor Vs. Manual Processing 自動(dòng)洗片機(jī)與手工洗片 Safe Lights 安全燈 Viewer Lights 觀察燈 Loading Bench 裝片臺(tái) Miscellaneous Equipment 其它設(shè)備 Film Loading 裝卸片 General Rules for Handling Unprocessed Film 膠片取放原則 Type of Film Packaging 膠片包裝類型 CassetteLoading Techniques for Film 膠片裝卸方法 Protection of Radiographic Film in Storage 射線膠片貯存中的防護(hù) Manual Processing of Film 膠片的手工處理 Developer and Replenishment 顯影劑和補(bǔ)充劑 Stop Bath 停顯槽 Fixer and Replenishment 定影劑和補(bǔ)充劑 Washing 水洗 Prevention of water spots 防止水漬 Drying 干燥 Automatic Film Processing 膠片自動(dòng)沖洗 Film Filing and Storage 膠片歸檔和保存 Retention Period 保存期限 LongTerm Storage長(zhǎng)期貯藏 Filing and Separation Techniques 歸檔和分類技術(shù) Unsatisfactory RadiographsCauses and Cures 不合格底片產(chǎn)生的原因及處理方法 High Film Density 底片黑度過高 Insufficient Film Density 底片黑度不足 High Contrast 高對(duì)比度 Low Contrast 低對(duì)比度 Poor Definition 不清晰 Fog 灰霧 Light leaks 漏光 Artificial Defect 人為缺陷 Film Density 底片黑度 Stepwedge parison Film 階梯黑度比較片 Densitometers 黑度計(jì)3 Indications, Discontinuities and Defects顯示、不連續(xù)性和缺陷 Indications 顯示 Discontinuities 不連續(xù)性 Inherent 固有不連續(xù)性 Processing 加工引起的 Service 使用中產(chǎn)生的 Defects 缺陷4 Manufacturing Processes and Associated Discontinuities制造過程及相關(guān)不連續(xù)性 Casting Processes and Associated Discontinuities 鑄造過程及相關(guān)不連續(xù)性 Ingots, Blooms, and billets 鑄鐵、軋鋼、擠壓鋼錠 Sand Casting 砂型鑄造 Centrifugal Casting 離心鑄造 Investment Casting 熔模鑄造 Wrought Processes and Associated Discontinuities 鍛件過程及相關(guān)不連續(xù)性 Forgings 鍛造 Rolled Products 滾軋產(chǎn)品 Extruded products 擠壓產(chǎn)品 Welding Processes and Associated Discontinuities 焊接過程相關(guān)不連續(xù)性 Submerged arc welding (SAW)埋弧焊 (SAW) Shielded Metal arc welding (SMAW) 手工電弧焊 (SMAW) Gas Metal arc welding (GMAW)熔化極氣體保護(hù)電弧焊(GMAW) Fluxcorded wire arc welding (FCAW)藥芯焊絲電弧焊(FCAW) Gas Tungsten arc welding (GTAW) 鎢極氣體保護(hù)焊 (G