【正文】
mplementing impact of the legal system of trade protection in different stages are analyzed. The theories of the legal system of the trade protection are from the mercantile system to the new protectionism. The trade protection policy is from pure trade protection to the free trade policy with trade protection. And the process of forms and scope of the system is also clear.The historical rule will grasp the reality and the future for us has laid the solid realistic foundation. The research on history, clearly recognizes the present situation, and has the very vital significance regarding to our country Government and the business munity. China Government and the enterprises must realize the reality of the existence of the trade protection system and discuss earnestly to deal with the trade protection system39。s measure. Key Words:Trade protectionism。 Evolution。 Strategy引 言縱觀整個(gè)國(guó)際貿(mào)易理論的發(fā)展,自由貿(mào)易理論與貿(mào)易保護(hù)理論“如影隨行”,它們都有各自不同的觀點(diǎn)和政策主張。自由貿(mào)易,要求國(guó)家取消對(duì)進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易和服務(wù)等的限制和障礙,取消對(duì)本國(guó)進(jìn)出口商品和服務(wù)等的各種特權(quán)和優(yōu)惠,使商品自由進(jìn)出口,在市場(chǎng)上形成公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、自由競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的局面。而貿(mào)易保護(hù),其內(nèi)容就是國(guó)家利用各種措施來(lái)達(dá)到限制進(jìn)出口和控制經(jīng)營(yíng)領(lǐng)域和范圍的目的,保護(hù)本國(guó)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)在本國(guó)市場(chǎng)上免受外國(guó)商品和服務(wù)等的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),并對(duì)本國(guó)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)貿(mào)易給與優(yōu)惠措施和補(bǔ)貼。盡管在理論上認(rèn)為自由貿(mào)易對(duì)世界整體來(lái)說(shuō)是最好的政策,并在實(shí)踐上不斷推進(jìn)。但貿(mào)易保護(hù)作為貿(mào)易政策的另外一種聲音,一直就與自由貿(mào)易交織在一起,不論是在理論上還是在實(shí)施手段方面,不論在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家還是在發(fā)展中國(guó)家,貿(mào)易保護(hù)在各國(guó)貿(mào)易政策中都占有一定的地位[1]任烈.貿(mào)易保護(hù)理論與政策[M].上海:立信會(huì)計(jì)出版社,1997.。一、 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀分析(一) 國(guó)內(nèi)外現(xiàn)階段對(duì)貿(mào)易保護(hù)和貿(mào)易政策的研究國(guó)外這方面的研究主要集中于這幾個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題上:保護(hù)主義還是自由主義、國(guó)際貿(mào)易政策的實(shí)證分析、保護(hù)的實(shí)際成本計(jì)算以及保護(hù)主義與世界福利等。其中以Tim Lang 和Colin Hines的《The New Protection》(1994)為代表,他們主張新貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義“旨在通過(guò)減少國(guó)際貿(mào)易和對(duì)整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的重新定位及使其多樣化,讓它朝著地區(qū)或國(guó)家內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的最大化方面發(fā)展:然后以周邊地區(qū)為依賴對(duì)象,并且只把全球貿(mào)易作為最后的選擇”。(二) 貿(mào)易保護(hù)制度的演進(jìn)階段貿(mào)易保護(hù)的歷史發(fā)展分為若干階段便于考察貿(mào)易保護(hù)歷史發(fā)展的客觀規(guī)律。目前,關(guān)于貿(mào)易保護(hù)政策階段的劃分,