【正文】 介詞，其后要接的是賓語，如： Please do it like me結(jié)果和目的狀語從句主要有 so … that， so that， in order that等幾種用法。①　so … that用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，so ＋ 形容詞 ＋ a ＋ 名詞 ＋ that，如： She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her 或用 such ＋ a ＋ 形容詞 ＋ 名詞 ＋ that, 如： She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her ②　在不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前只能用 such， 如： It is such good weather we want to go for a piic 又如： They are such good players that they should win the game.?、邸≡趍uch， many， few， little 之前只能用so， 如： I have so little money that I can39。t buy it ④　so … that 之間只有形容詞時，則不能用 such， 如： It is so good that I want to buy ⑤　so that 其后接從句，如： I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus（二）　正誤辨析 ［誤］ The stories in that book was written many years ago ［正］ The stories in that book were written many years ago. ［析］ 作主語的名詞、代詞或不定式、動名詞，它們往往要帶有修飾詞，這些詞可能是形容詞，也可能是短語，但謂語動詞還是要取決于這個主語的數(shù)，要記住的是一個名詞不可能在同一句中作兩個不同的語法成份，如： book 作了 of 的介詞賓語則不可能再作主語了。［誤］ To read many books are good for you ［正］ To read many books is good for you ［析］ 不定式作主語應(yīng)該看作單數(shù)主語。 ［誤］ What he said are right ［正］ What he said is right ［析］ 從句作主語一定要按單數(shù)主語看待。 ［正］ The rich is not always happy ［誤］ The rich are not always happy ［析］ 形容詞＋定冠詞表示一類人，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，如： The young are very interested in study and sports［誤］ The school master and writer are ing ［正］ The school master and writer is ing ［析］ 本句應(yīng)譯為：校長兼作家就要來了。而 The school master and the writer are ing 則要譯為：校長和一個作家要來了。在英語表達(dá)法中確實有 The girl and boy are playing on the grass 這應(yīng)譯為：一個女孩，一個男孩在操場上玩。因為不可能這樣兩個概念作用在一個人身上。又如： the husband and wife 夫妻二人。［誤］ You or she go to get some water for us ［正］ You or she goes to get some water for us ［析］ 由 or 連接的兩個主語應(yīng)以離謂語動詞近的那一個計算其數(shù)。這樣的用法還有 either … or，neither … nor， not only … but also 也有人稱作就近原則。［誤］ The teacher with a lot of students e into the classroom ［正］ The teacher with a lot of students es into the classroom ［析］ 真正的主語是 the teacher， 而 with 短語是伴隨狀態(tài)，不影響主語的數(shù)。［誤］ My glasses is broken ［正］ My glasses are broken ［誤］ This pair of glasses are good ［正］ This pair of glasses is good ［誤］ These kinds of butter is good.［正］ These kinds of butter are good［析］ 英語中有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如： glasses 眼鏡， shorts 短褲等。如沒有量詞在前時，要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞，但有了量詞之后則要按量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)計算。［誤］ One of the boys are going to take part in the match ［正］ One of the boys is going to take part in the match ［析］ One of 結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)以 one 來計算主語的數(shù)。 ［誤］ Half of the work are done ［正］ Half of the work is done ［誤］ Half of the books is read ［正］ Half of the books are read ［析］ 在小于1的數(shù)量詞作主語時，如： ２ ３ ，８０％，０．３５… ＋ of ＋名詞，這時主語的數(shù)應(yīng)按 of 后面的名詞計算。如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，則謂語動詞要用單數(shù)，如名詞是復(fù)數(shù)則要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。［誤］ Each sides are full of trees ［正］ Each side is full of trees ［誤］ Both side is full of trees ［正］ Both sides are full of trees ［析］ each， either 其后都要加單數(shù)名詞，而 both 后要加復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 如： each， either， another， little， a little， much等作主語時，謂語動詞全部要用單數(shù)形式。［誤］ The boys each has an apple ［正］ The boys each have an apple ［析］ each 作同位語時，不影響句子的主語。［誤］ Everyone of us has a ticket for the concert ［正］ Every one of us has a ticket for the concert ［析］ everyone， someone， everybody … 在作主語時都不能加 of 結(jié)構(gòu)。［誤］ Girls like dancing very much， but few likes playing football ［正］ Girls like dancing very much， but few like playing football ［析］ few 雖然含意上是幾乎沒有，但作主語時仍要當(dāng)作復(fù)數(shù)。［誤］ The number of the workers in that factory are two hundred ［正］ The number of the workers in that factory is two hundred ［析］ the number of 意為：某某的數(shù)字是…… 如： the number of students 學(xué)生人數(shù)， the number of players 運動員人數(shù)。不論數(shù)字如何都應(yīng)看作單數(shù)。而 a number of 與 many 意思相同，其后加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： A number of students are playing on the grass［誤］ The rest of the students is here ［正］ The rest of the students are here ［誤］ The rest of the work are done ［正］ The rest of the work is done ［析］ the rest of 的用法與２／３，一半，８０％＋ of 的結(jié)構(gòu)一致， of 后面為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞，為不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時用單數(shù)謂語動詞。這樣用法還有 lots of， a lot of， plenty of。［誤］ The news in today39。s newspaper are not bad ［正］ The news in today39。s newspaper is not bad ［析］ 有些以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞要用作不可數(shù)名詞，它們是：news， physics， mathematics， thanks， …［誤］ The Chinese is kind and friendly ［正］ The Chinese are kind and friendly ［析］ Chinese 作為中文來講是單數(shù)名詞，但作為中國人講是單復(fù)同形的名詞。如： one Chinese， two Chinese … 而 The Chinese ＝ The people of China 要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。［誤］ This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars are a big sum for me［正］ This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars is a big sum for me［析］ 表示一段時間，一筆金錢，一段距離，都應(yīng)看作單數(shù)名詞。［誤］ Who are going to take part in our football match? ［正］ Who is going to take part in our football match? ［析］ 用 who 提問時，習(xí)慣上用單數(shù)謂語動詞，但 which 則要視其情況而定，如： which are better these shoeses or those shoes? 又如： which is better this one or that one?［誤］ What a hot weather it is! ［誤］ How hot the weather it is! ［正］ What hot weather it is! ［正］ How hot the weather is! ［析］ 感嘆句是用來表達(dá)說話人的喜怒哀樂的感情。它由 what 與 how 作句子的開始，判定是用 what 還是用 how 的最好辦法是將它們換為陳述句，比如： What the hot weather it is! 應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換為： It is the hot weather 那么句子的起點是單詞 it。 再來看感嘆句中 it 前有不可數(shù)名詞 weather， 則只能用 what。 再看第二句 How hot the weather is! 轉(zhuǎn)為陳述句時為： The weather is hot這時句子的開始單詞為 the weather， 再來看感嘆句在 the weather 前只有形容詞，所以應(yīng)用 how。 至于是用 what a 還是 what 要看名詞的具體情況而定，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞加 what a 其余的加用 what。［誤］ We have to sing this， have we? ［誤］ We have to sing this， haven39。t we? ［正］ We have to sing this, don39。t we?［析］ 在反意疑問句中除了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的一些常規(guī)外，有一些例外：Let39。s go home， shall we?Let us go home， will you?She had to leave， didn39。t she?Do your homework at once， will you?There is not much good news in today39。s newspaper， is there?Neither of them are right， are they?I think he will e to the party won39。t he?think 后的賓語從句，與其他賓語從句不一樣，在初中只有這樣一個較特殊的詞。這樣的句子的反意疑問句的主語要用賓語從句中的主語，其助動詞要用賓語從句的助動詞，而肯定還是否定要看主句謂語動詞而定，如： I don39。t think he is ing to our party， is he?［誤］ I want to know where does he live ［正］ I want to know where he lives ［析］ 賓語從句中一律要用陳述語序，而不用疑問語序。［誤］ I haven39。t got a ticket for the football match Nor I have ［正］ I haven39。t got a ticket for the footbal