【正文】 p。 his bination of emotion, erudition, amp。 spiritual vision have won him the admiration of generations of English poets. It is his idealism, his love of beauty, amp。his exquisite melody that make him known as the poets39。 poet. 4. 應用 The Faerie Queene: 1) It is a long, allegorical poem. In the poem, Spenser dramatized political, religious, amp。 moral themes by personifying them, or making them characters. 2)Plot: The story, which is set against a background of Arthur amp。 medieval legend, deals with the adventures of six knights of the court of the fairy queen named Gloriana, who represents Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ of English. The faerie Queen was left unfinished at Spenser39。s death. It was originally planned as a 12book poem. But only 6 books were pleted. The poem is particularly admired for the melodic beauty of its language amp。 for its rich content of philosophical amp。 mythological material presented in the form of vivid narratives. II. Christopher Marlowe 1. 一般識記 Brief Introduction English dramatist amp。 poet,born in Canterbury, England, Feb, 6,1567, died in Deptford, E 4 ngland, May 30, 1593. Marlowe was the first great English Dramatist. He brought to the English stage a new concept of tragedy, one in which the drama centers around the struggles of a man overwhelmed by his passions amp。 ambitions. 2. 識記 His Major Works His most famous tragedies are Doctor Faustus, The Jew of Malta, Tamburlaine amp。 Edward Ⅱ . In his plays, Marlowe used blank verse, which he molded into a superb instrument for expressing intense emotions. After his development of blank verse it became the standard medium for English dramatic amp。 epic poetry. His nondramatic poetry includes Hero amp。 Leander, the Passionate shepherd to His love, amp。 a verse translation of Ovid39。s Amores. Marlowe39。s Doctor Faustus (about 1589), generally considered his best play, was based on a real Dr. Faustus, who was later associated with a medieval legend of a man selling his soul to the devil. The play39。s dominant moral is human rather than religious. It celebrates the human passion for knowledge, power amp。 happiness。 it also reveals man39。s frustration in realizing the high aspirations in a hostile moral order. The last scene, in which Faustus confronts his doom, brilliantly renders the fear amp。 agony of a condemned man. The Jew of Malta (about 1589) illustrates Marlowe39。s outstanding portrayal of character. Its hero, Barabas the Jew, served as the model for Shylock in Shakespeare39。s The Merchant of Venice. In about 1592. Marlowe wrote one of the first successful English historical dramas, Edward Ⅱ 。 It is his most dramatically mature play amp。 exhibits his mastery of characterization, stage craft amp。 rhetoric. Tamburlaine is a play about an ambitious amp。 pitiless Tartar conqueror in the fourteenth century who rose from a shepherd to an overpowering King. By depicting a great hero with high ambition amp。 sheer brutal force in conquering one enemy after another, Marlowe voiced the supreme desire of the man of the Renaissance for infinite power amp。 authority. 3. 領(lǐng)會 His Achievements amp。 Influence Achievements: Marlowe39。s greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the blank verse amp。 made it the principal medium of English drama. His second achievement is his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama. The theme of his works is the praise of the Renaissance spirit. His influence: A man of wide learning, Marlowe was one of the extra ordinary poets amp。 playwrights of his time. Marlowe39。s mighty line, as Ben Jonson called his blank verse, was one of the most important contributions to the art of English literature. 4. 應用 Dr. Faustus The selection of ActⅠ from Dr. Faustus is mainly about Faustus is showing his great ambition, that is, if he had many souls, he would give them all to the Devil so that he could control the world. In portraying Faustus, a more introspective amp。 philosophical figure than Tamburlaine, Marlowe praises his soaring aspiration for knowledge while warning against the sin of pride since Faustus39。s downfall was caused by his despair in God amp。 trust in Devil. 5 Ⅲ . William Shakespeare 1. 一般識記 Brief Introduction William Shakespeare was the greatest writer of plays who ever lived. His friend amp。 fellow playwright Ben Jonson said that Shakespeare was not of an age but for all time. The 18thcentury English essayist Samuel Johnson described his work as the mirror of life. The 19thcentury English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge spoke of myriadminded Shakespeare. The 20thcentury English dramatist Gee Bernard Shaw stressed his enormous power over language. 2. 識記 His Life amp。 Career The exact date of Shakespeare39。s birth is not known, but his baptism was recorded on April 26, 1564, in the parish register of Holy Trinity Church at StratfordonAvon. Since it was customary to baptize infants within two or three days of birth, April 23 is regarded as a reasonable birth date. It is also the date on which he died in 1616. Generally, his dramatic career is divided into 4 periods. The First Period (15901594)five historical plays amp。 four edies: Henry Ⅵ , part Ⅰ (1590) Henry Ⅵ , part Ⅱ (1590) Henry Ⅵ , part Ⅲ (1591) Richard Ⅲ (1592) Titus Andronicus (1593) The Comedy of Errors (1592) The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1594) The Taming of the Shrew (1593) Love39。s Labor39。s Lost (1594) The Second Period (15951600)five historical plays, six edies amp。 two tragedies: Richard Ⅱ (1595) King John (1596) Henry Ⅳ , Part Ⅰ amp。 Part Ⅱ (1597) Henry V (1598) A Midsummer Night39。s Dream (1595) The Merchant of Venice (1596) Much Ado About Nothing (1598) As You Like It (1599) Twelfth Night (1600) The Merry Wives of Winsor (1598) Romeo amp。 Juliet (1595) Julius Caesar (1599) The Third Period (16011609)Seven tragedies a