【正文】 ,旨在與合格的公司合作來(lái)發(fā)展微型的，有生物靈感的機(jī)器人設(shè)計(jì)和為軍事應(yīng)用的機(jī)器人控制新方法。DARPA對(duì)微小型機(jī)器人特別感興趣,因?yàn)樗鼈兊膬?yōu)勢(shì)是可以制作單位成本較低，并且提供獨(dú)特的使命。它們既可以單獨(dú)又可以以團(tuán)體的形式被用來(lái)實(shí)施和展開(kāi)，來(lái)增強(qiáng)人類能力，執(zhí)行危險(xiǎn)的任務(wù)，以及完成從未想象過(guò)的任務(wù)。潛在的應(yīng)用包括監(jiān)視、偵察、調(diào)查途徑、欺騙、武器運(yùn)送和小規(guī)模啟動(dòng)。為了偵查布雷區(qū)、小型傳感器則被安裝在機(jī)器人的跳腳上。小型機(jī)器人可送入市管道搜集情報(bào)。大規(guī)模使用機(jī)器人可以作為偽裝。極小的微型機(jī)器人可注入鎖孔用來(lái)開(kāi)鎖。 由于微型機(jī)器人類似小動(dòng)物和昆蟲(chóng)、生理上賦予了靈感設(shè)計(jì)(跳、攀登、爬、草等),加上記憶裝置的應(yīng)和智能材料提供了新穎和獨(dú)特的移動(dòng)裝置的可能性。記憶存儲(chǔ)技術(shù)使在單獨(dú)硅片上的機(jī)械綜合和電子功能成為可能。先進(jìn)的微電子包裝采用多芯片模塊和混合信號(hào)，它帶來(lái)了發(fā)展的新思路,并把遙控形式和功能聯(lián)合起來(lái)。 用于軍事用途的機(jī)器人或者完全由人類控制、半自主控制，或者是自主運(yùn)行。 為了能讓微型機(jī)器人在不同的環(huán)境從事長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作,我們需要新方法以減少電力需求、控制能源利用與提供快速充電。 機(jī)器人的發(fā)展令人振奮的新領(lǐng)域 典型的自動(dòng)化技術(shù)在文本、PLCs、計(jì)算機(jī)、顯示器、控制、傳感器、閥門、傳動(dòng)、數(shù)據(jù)傳輸、無(wú)線通訊、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等上要講究知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn),這正是這些機(jī)器人和機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的重點(diǎn)要求。 在經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣的時(shí)候,機(jī)器人技術(shù)一定會(huì)成為一個(gè)令人興奮的有益事業(yè)發(fā)展的新舞臺(tái)。附錄2Robotics technology trendsBy : Jim Pinto,San Diego, When it es to robots, reality still lags science fiction. But, just because robots have not lived up to their promise in past decades does not mean that they will not arrive sooner or later. Indeed, the confluence of several advanced technologies is bringing the age of robotics ever nearersmaller, cheaper, more practical and costeffective. Brawn, Bone amp。 BrainThere are 3 aspects of any robot: Brawn：strength relating to physical payload that a robot can move. Bone：the physical structure of a robot relative to the work it does。 this determines the size and weight of the robot in relation to its physical payload. Brain：robotic intelligence。 what it can think and do independently。 how much manual interaction is required. Because of the way robots have been pictured in science fiction, many people expect robots to be humanlike in appearance. But in fact what a robot looks like is more related to the tasks or functions it performs. A lot of machines that look nothing like humans can clearly be classified as robots. And similarly, some humanlooking robots are not much beyond mechanical mechanisms, or toys. Many early robots were big machines, with significant brawn and little else. Old hydraulically powered robots were relegated to tasks in the 3D category：dull, dirty and dangerous. The technological advances since the first industry implementation have pletely revised the capability, performance and strategic benefits of robots. For example, by the 1980s robots transitioned from being hydraulically powered to bee electrically driven units. Accuracy and performance improved. Industrial robots already at workThe number of robots in the world today is approaching 1,000,000, with almost half that number in Japan and just 15% in the US. A couple of decades ago, 90% of robots were used in car manufacturing, typically on assembly lines doing a variety of repetitive tasks. Today only 50% are in automobile plants, with the other half spread out among other factories, laboratories, warehouses, energy plants, hospitals, and many other industries. Robots are used for assembling products, handling dangerous materials, spraypainting, cutting and polishing, inspection of products. The number of robots used in tasks as diverse as cleaning sewers, detecting bombs and performing intricate surgery is increasing steadily, and will continue to grow in ing years. Robot intelligenceEven with primitive intelligence, robots have demonstrated ability to generate good gains in factory productivity, efficiency and quality. Beyond that, some of the smartest robots are not in manufacturing。 they are used as space explorers, remotely operated surgeons and even pets ，like Sony39。s AIBO mechanical dog. In some ways, some of these other applications show what might be possible on production floors if manufacturers realize that industrial robots don39。t have to be bolted to the floor, or constrained by the limitations of yesterday39。s machinery concepts. With the rapidly increasing power of the microprocessor and artificial intelligence techniques, robots have dramatically increased their potential as flexible automation tools. The new surge of robotics is in applications demanding advanced intelligence. Robotic technology is converging with a wide variety of plementary technologiesmachine vision, force sensing (touch), speech recognition and advanced mechanics. This results in exciting new levels of functionality for jobs that were never before considered practical for robots. The introduction of robots with integrated vision and touch dramatically changes the speed and efficiency of new production and delivery systems. Robots have bee so accurate that they can be applied where manual operations are no longer a viable option. Semiconductor manufacturing is one example, where a consistent high level of throughput and quality cannot be achieved with humans and simple mechanization. In addition, significant gains are achieved throu