【正文】 heir early delivery upon his doorstep. Militarism and imperialism of racial and cultural rivalries were little more than the amusements of his daily newspaper. What an extraordinary episode in the economic progress of man was that age which came to an end in August 1914. 凱恩斯:倫敦居民可以一邊喝著早茶，一邊通過(guò)電話來(lái)訂購(gòu)世界各地的產(chǎn)品；還可以想象著他們訂購(gòu)的產(chǎn)品早早地放在自家門(mén)口臺(tái)階上。種族、文化之間敵對(duì)的軍國(guó)主義和帝國(guó)主義就如同每天看報(bào)的消遣一樣。人類(lèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展史上一個(gè)特別的章節(jié)即在1914年8月那個(gè)時(shí)代走到了盡頭。NARRATOR: Hayek summed it up more succinctly.旁白：哈耶克的總結(jié)更加簡(jiǎn)潔。FRIEDRICH VON HAYEK: We did not realize how fragile our civilization was. 哈耶克: 我們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到我們的文明是多么脆弱。NARRATOR: The murder of an Austrian archduke by a terrorist triggered a world war. It would be almost 80 years before there was once again a truly global economy.旁白：一位奧地利大公被恐怖分子謀殺引發(fā)了一次世界大戰(zhàn)。將近80年以后，一個(gè)真正的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)才又再次出現(xiàn)。World War I destroyed 20 million lives. It laid a whole continent to waste. There was blood and carnage amidst the beauty of the Italian Alps, where the armies of Austria and Italy were fighting.第一次世界大戰(zhàn)摧殘了兩千萬(wàn)個(gè)生命，將整個(gè)歐洲大陸變成一片廢墟。意大利和奧地利軍隊(duì)在意大利的阿爾畢斯山激戰(zhàn)，鮮血和屠殺遮蔽了阿爾畢斯山的美麗。Friedrich von Hayek served in the Austrian artillery. He was only 17 years old still a schoolboy. The fighting was ferocious. He experienced retreat and defeat.哈耶克在奧地利炮兵部隊(duì)中服役，當(dāng)時(shí)他只有17歲－還是一個(gè)學(xué)生。戰(zhàn)斗是殘酷的；他經(jīng)歷了撤退和戰(zhàn)敗。FRIEDRICH VON HAYEK: The decisive influence was really World War I. It39。s bound to draw your attention to the problems of political organization.哈耶克：第一次世界大戰(zhàn)確實(shí)產(chǎn)生了決定性的影響，它必定將你的注意力吸引到政治組織的問(wèn)題上來(lái)。NARRATOR: He vowed to work for a better world.旁白：他發(fā)誓要為建立一個(gè)更美好的世界而奮斗。DANIEL YERGIN: The first world war was a cataclysm. People were disillusioned. People were bitter. They were looking for something better. Socialism, munism seemed to promise that better world. : 第一次世界大戰(zhàn)無(wú)異于一次大地震，它使人們幡然醒悟并痛苦萬(wàn)分。人們?cè)趯ふ腋玫闹贫龋鐣?huì)主義和共產(chǎn)主義似乎為人們勾畫(huà)了一個(gè)更美好的世界。Onscreen title: St. Petersburg, 1917字幕標(biāo)題：圣彼得堡，1917年NARRATOR: By overthrowing the old order, the Russian Revolution aimed to deliver that better world. Inspired by the economic theories of Karl Marx, the Bolsheviks sought to smash capitalism. Lenin, the revolution39。s leader, urged the workers of the world to unite against the global economy. The revolution made trade, merce, and private property criminal acts. Lenin promised to end the economic exploitation of man by man.旁白：俄國(guó)革命推翻了舊秩序，它的目標(biāo)就是建立一個(gè)更美好的世界。在馬克思經(jīng)濟(jì)理論的鼓舞下，布爾什維克尋求推翻資本主義。列寧－革命的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者－極力主張全世界的工人團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)反對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)。革命使得貿(mào)易、商業(yè)和私人財(cái)產(chǎn)都成為犯罪活動(dòng)。列寧承諾要結(jié)束人對(duì)人的剝削。Onscreen title: Cambridge University, 1918字幕標(biāo)題：劍橋大學(xué)，1918年The man who was destined to be Hayek39。s great intellectual rival was a brilliant young academic at Cambridge University. But John Maynard Keynes was much more than that. He befriended writers and artists. One painted these murals for him. He was also a familiar figure in the City of London, where he made a fortune in the stock market, lost it all, and made it back again.這個(gè)注定要成為哈耶克思想上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的年輕人是劍橋大學(xué)一位有才氣的學(xué)者，但是這遠(yuǎn)不是凱恩斯的全部。他與作家和藝術(shù)家交朋友，一個(gè)人還為他畫(huà)了一些壁畫(huà)。另外，他還是倫敦城的一個(gè)家喻戶曉的人物，因?yàn)樗趥惗毓善笔袌?chǎng)上賺了大錢(qián)，全輸?shù)袅?，然后又賺了回?lái)。Familiar with politicians and prime ministers, Keynes spent the first world war advising the British government on how to organize its wartime economy. At the end of the war, Keynes joined the British peace delegation at Versailles in France. The victorious allies wanted defeated Germany to pay the costs of the war through what were called reparations. 因?yàn)閯P恩斯與政治家們和首相們很熟悉，第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間他向英國(guó)政府就應(yīng)如何組織戰(zhàn)時(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)提供顧問(wèn)服務(wù)。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束時(shí)，凱恩斯作為英國(guó)和平代表團(tuán)的成員前往法國(guó)凡爾賽。取得了勝利的盟國(guó)希望戰(zhàn)敗的德國(guó)支付賠款以賠償戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)損失。ROBERT SKIDELSKY, Biographer of . Keynes: All the statesmen of Versailles could think about was how to squeeze money out of an already bankrupt Germany. ROBERT SKIDELSKY, 凱恩斯的傳記作者: 在凡爾賽的政治家們想的都是如何從已經(jīng)一貧如洗的德國(guó)身上榨出錢(qián)來(lái)。GEOFFREY HARCOURT, Professor of Economics, Cambridge University: Keynes felt the reparations were out of all proportion to what an economy could really take and would have very destructive social, political, and economic consequences.GEOFFREY HARCOURT, 劍橋大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教授:凱恩斯認(rèn)為賠款完全超出了一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體所能承受的限度并將造成破壞性的社會(huì)、政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)后果。NARRATOR: Angry and disgusted, Keynes resigned. Back in England, he went to stay with his friend, the painter Duncan Grant. That summer, Grant painted Keynes writing his prophetic book, The Economic Consequences of the Peace.旁白：出于憤怒和厭惡，凱恩斯辭職了?；氐接⒏裉m后，他與他的朋友－畫(huà)家Duncan Grant住在一起。那個(gè)夏天，Grant畫(huà)下了正在寫(xiě)書(shū)的凱恩斯，那是一本預(yù)言式的書(shū)－《和平的經(jīng)濟(jì)后果》. JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES: If we take the view that Germany must be kept impoverished and her children starved and crippled, vengeance, I dare predict, will not limp. Nothing can delay that final war that will destroy the civilization and progress of our generation. 凱恩斯:如果我們認(rèn)為必須讓德國(guó)非常貧困，讓德國(guó)兒童挨餓、殘廢，那么我敢預(yù)言復(fù)仇將不會(huì)停止。沒(méi)有什么能夠延緩最終的大戰(zhàn)，而這戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)將摧毀人類(lèi)文明和我們這一代的發(fā)展進(jìn)程。Chapter 3: Communism on the Heights [6:16]第三章：制高點(diǎn)上的共產(chǎn)主義Onscreen title: Vienna, 1919字幕標(biāo)題：維也納，1919年NARRATOR: Austria had lost the war and its empire. Vienna was a cold and hungry city. Revolution was in the air. Socialists and Communists were winning the battle for hearts and minds. Young and idealistic, Friedrich von Hayek enrolled at the University of Vienna. 旁白：奧匈帝國(guó)戰(zhàn)敗，帝國(guó)也解體了。維也納是一個(gè)寒冷、饑餓的城市。革命很流行。社會(huì)主義者和共產(chǎn)主義者贏得了人心。年輕而又理想主義的哈耶克進(jìn)入維也納大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。FRIEDRICH VON HAYEK: It was during the war that I more or less decided to do economics. I really got hooked. 哈耶克：是在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，我決定從事經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究。我真的被它抓住了。NARRATOR: Socialism seemed to promise a more just society. Albert Zlabinger, a former pupil and disciple of Hayek: 旁白：社會(huì)主義似乎承諾了一個(gè)更公正的社會(huì)。Albert Zlabinger以前是哈耶克的學(xué)生和信徒。ALBERT ZLABINGER, Economist and Pupil of Hayek: He openly said that he at one time was a socialist of the mild sort, where concerns for the poor and concerns for fairness and equity would help to determine government policy. Albert Zlabinger，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，哈耶克的學(xué)生：他公開(kāi)說(shuō)自己一度曾是溫和的社會(huì)主義者，主張對(duì)窮人，公平和平等的關(guān)注將會(huì)幫助政府確定政策。NARRATOR: Much of Vienna39。s intellectual life took place outside the university, in the coffeehouses across the Ringstrasse. There were informal seminars for those who loved discussion and argument. Hayek joined the circle of a passionate libertarian called Ludwig