【正文】 together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders.【譯文】我們受惠于食蟲的飛禽鳥獸，但把它們都算在一起，也只是捕殺了蜘蛛消滅的昆蟲數(shù)的一個(gè)零頭?！局v解】all of them指birds and beasts，put together kill相當(dāng)于…them who are put together kill。意即“它們?nèi)釉谝黄鹣麥纭?。the number指“被消滅的昆蟲數(shù)”?！締卧~和短語】owe:應(yīng)感激（to know that someone’s help has been important to you in achieving something），例如：We owe our parents a lot. 我們得大大感激我們的父母。25. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the least harm to us or our belongings.【譯文】此外，不同于其他一些食蟲動(dòng)物，蜘蛛對(duì)人類及其財(cái)物絲毫無損。 【單詞和短語】belongings：所有物，財(cái)物，動(dòng)產(chǎn)；行李，例如：He left all his belongings to his brother.他把他的全部財(cái)物留給了他兄弟。It didn’t take me long to arrange my belongings；for I had brought little.因?yàn)樾醒b帶得不多，我沒花多少時(shí)間就把東西整理好了。26. Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them.【譯文】蜘蛛不像許多人認(rèn)為的那樣屬于昆蟲，它們甚至與昆蟲毫無關(guān)系?！局v解】as many people think是插入語，意即“蜘蛛不是像許多人認(rèn)為的那樣是昆蟲”。翻譯這一插入語時(shí)，必須注意它在句中的位置。不論把它移至句首，譯為“正如許多人認(rèn)為的那樣，蜘蛛不是昆蟲”，還是將它留在句末，譯為“蜘蛛不是昆蟲，如同許多人認(rèn)為的那樣”，兩種譯文都和原意相違。原句是說“許多人認(rèn)為蜘蛛是昆蟲，而其實(shí)不是，他們的看法有誤”，而前兩種譯文的意思則變?yōu)椤霸S多人的看法是正確的，他們認(rèn)為蜘蛛不是昆蟲”。正確的譯法應(yīng)將as many people think置于not（不像）之后、are（屬于）之前，譯為“蜘蛛不像許多人認(rèn)為的那樣屬于昆蟲”。這句原文中的…as many people think相當(dāng)于as many people think spiders are insects。nor even nearly承前省略了are spiders，完整的句子應(yīng)是：nor are the spiders even nearly related to them。27. One can tell the difference almost at a glance, for a spider always has eight legs and insect never more than six.【譯文】人們幾乎一眼就能看出二者的差異，因?yàn)橹┲肟偸?條腿，而昆蟲至多有6條腿?！締卧~和短語】at a glance：28. How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf?【譯文】有多少蜘蛛正在為我們做這項(xiàng)工作呢？【單詞和短語】engaged:忙的；從事……的（busy）；例如：Engaged in conversation，they did not see me.他們談得正來勁，沒看見我。He is engaged on that book.他正忙于寫那部書。on sb’s behalf:為了某人的利益；為了某人（because of or for someone）。例如：Don’t be uneasy on my behalf. 不要為我擔(dān)心。該詞組的另一含義是“代表某人（instead of someone，or as their representative）”。例如：You may sign cheques on our behalf.你可以代表我們?cè)谥鄙虾炞帧?9. One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre。 that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch.【譯文】某蜘蛛權(quán)威對(duì)英國南部某塊草坪上的蜘蛛數(shù)目統(tǒng)計(jì)了一次。他估計(jì)每英畝草坪里有超過225萬只蜘蛛，即相當(dāng)于一個(gè)足球場上約有6百萬只種類各異的蜘蛛?！締卧~和短語】authority：學(xué)術(shù)權(quán)威，專家，泰斗（someone who knows a lot about a subject and whose knowledge and opinions are greatly respected）。某方面的authority需用介詞on，例如：an authority on preventive medicine 預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)的權(quán)威something like：接近，大約（close to but not exactly a large amount），例如：He is to sell the house for something like $150,000.他將以大約15萬美元的價(jià)錢出售這幢房子。census：統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)量（a process of counting something）。210. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects.【譯文】蜘蛛至少有半年在忙于吃蟲。【講解】half（形容詞）the year是half（名詞）of the year的省略形式。211. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day.【譯文】它們消滅了多少昆蟲，我們簡直無法猜測，它們是吃不飽的動(dòng)物，不滿足于一日三餐?！局v解】it是形式主語，真正的主語是to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill。It is impossible to…是重點(diǎn)句型，需熟練掌握。not前省略了and they are?！締卧~和短語】content：adj. 滿意，滿足（happy and satisfied）。212. It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.【譯文】據(jù)估計(jì)，在英國一年里被蜘蛛消滅的昆蟲的總重量超過該國人口的總重量。【講解】it是形式主語，真正的主語是the weight of all the insects destroyed…in the country。It has been estimated that…是重點(diǎn)句型，需熟練掌握。Lesson 3 Matterhorn man第三課馬特霍恩山區(qū)人by WALTER UNSWORTHfrom Matterhorn Man 31. Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded.【譯文】現(xiàn)代登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員力圖沿著一條能從中得到鍛煉樂趣的路線登山。他們認(rèn)為路線愈艱難則愈為人們所重視。【講解】try后接動(dòng)詞不定式，作make an attempt解，譯為“力圖”。by a route中by意為“沿，經(jīng)”。it指a route?！締卧~和短語】regard:看待，把……看作（to think about someone or something in a particular way）。32. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all.【譯文】然而在登山運(yùn)動(dòng)初創(chuàng)期全然并非如此?！局v解】in the pioneering days指在初創(chuàng)時(shí)期，指登山運(yùn)動(dòng)的初創(chuàng)期?！締卧~和短語】pioneering：創(chuàng)新的，先驅(qū)的（introducing new and better methods or ideas for the first time）。例如：the pioneering work of NASA scientists（美國）國家航空和航天局科學(xué)家們所作的開創(chuàng)性工作33. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never been attained before.【譯文】早期登山者所尋找的是通往山頂?shù)淖罘奖愕耐緩?，因?yàn)轫敺?，尤其是仍未被人征服過的頂峰，才是他們尋求的目標(biāo)?！局v解】to the top是介詞短語，作way的定語，指“到達(dá)頂峰的路”。they sought是定語從句，作prize的定語，指“他們追求的目標(biāo)”。if it had never been attained before中的it指the summit。【單詞和短語】summit：山頂（the top of a mountain）。summit另一常見含義為峰會(huì)（an important meeting or set of meetings between the leaders of several governments），例如：The two presidents agreed to hold a summit in the April.兩位總統(tǒng)同意在四月舉行峰會(huì)。34. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner with would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.【譯文】的確，探險(xiǎn)中他們經(jīng)常遇到性質(zhì)最為危險(xiǎn)的艱難險(xiǎn)阻，他們裝備之簡陋使現(xiàn)代登山者一想起來就膽戰(zhàn)心驚。但他們并非故意尋求這種刺激?！局v解】equipped in a manner…thought是過去分詞短語，作原因狀語，修飾faced。at the thought后省略了of the manner?！締卧~和短語】perilous：充滿危險(xiǎn)的；瀕臨毀滅的（very dangerous），例如：a perilous rate of inflation 危機(jī)四伏的通貨膨脹率perilous的名詞形式為peril。shudder at：對(duì)……感到驚恐（to think that something is very bad or unpleasant），例如：He shudders at the sight of a snake.他一見到蛇就膽顫心驚。go out of their way to do something：特地；不怕麻煩地（to do something with more effort than is usual or expected），例如：She went out of her way to help me.她不怕麻煩地來幫我。35. They had a single aim, a solitary goal—the top!【譯文】他們只有一個(gè)目的，唯一的目標(biāo)——頂峰！【講解】從語法角度分析，a solitary goal和the top均是a single aim的同位語。從修辭角度看，作者以改變說法的方式達(dá)到加強(qiáng)語意的目的。這叫修正法（epanorthosis）。破折號(hào)引出被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分?！締卧~和短語】solitary：獨(dú)一無二的（used to emphasize that there is only one of something），例如：a solitary exception 唯一的例外36. It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for t