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ion and manufacture 一、 FSO的背景 “橋 ” 的意圖是將 ALOP轉(zhuǎn)化成 FSO,并具體到所關(guān)注的 產(chǎn)品和危害 上來(lái)。這樣就能將公共衛(wèi)生目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)化成對(duì)消費(fèi)環(huán)節(jié)危害的 數(shù)量描述 ( ICMSF ) 。 The intention is that an ALOP will be translated into an FSO that specifies the product and hazard bination concerned. In this way, the public health goal (the ALOP) can be translated into a description of the amount of hazard at the point of consumption。 ? 二、 FSO的概念 FSO :消費(fèi)時(shí) /消費(fèi)環(huán)節(jié)食品中微生物危害的最大頻率和 /或最高濃度,以提供適當(dāng)健康保護(hù)水平( ICMSF )。 Food safety objective—??the maximum frequency and/or concentration of a microbiological hazard in a food at the time of consumption that provides the appropriate level of health protection‘‘.( ICMSF ,2022) 二、 FSO的概念 FSO :消費(fèi)時(shí) /消費(fèi)環(huán)節(jié) 食品中所存在危害的最大頻率和 /或最高濃度,以提供適當(dāng)健康保護(hù)水平( CAC)。 The maximum frequency and/or concentration of a hazard in a food at the time of consumption that provides or contributes to the appropriate level of protection (CAC 2022). 最大頻率 :A frequency of Salmonella enteritidis in eggs not exceeding 1 egg per 100,000. 最高濃度 :A concentration of salmonellae in powdered milk below 1 cfu/100 g. 二、 FSO的概念 便于理解和應(yīng)用, ICMSF 為 FSO提出了一個(gè)概念性方程式 ( conceptual equation ) : Ho- ∑R+ ∑I≤FSO Ho: 初始危害水平; ∑ R :總的危害下降值; ∑ I :總的危害上升值 (growth or recontamination); FSO: 食品安全目標(biāo)。 二、 FSO的概念 例如,當(dāng): ( 1) FSO for the pathogen–product bination is 2( FSO level = 100 cfu L. monocytogenes per gram[Lm/g]); (2) Ho ≦ 0(level≦ 1 cfu/g)。 (3) ∑R = 0。 (4) ∑I≦ 2,或 ∑I≦ 6 0- 0+ 2≦ 2,或 0- 0+ 6≦ 2 結(jié)論:符合 FSO,或不符合 FSO 三、 FSO的工作原理 然而, FSO 也只是在公共衛(wèi)生目標(biāo)( ALOP)與實(shí)際操作( performance)之間構(gòu)造了一座 “ 橋梁 ” ,確定了 “ 消費(fèi)時(shí)食品中危害的最大頻率和 /或最高濃度 ” ,它本身不能向食品生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)者提供如何降低疾病水平的信息。 FSO does not provide food processors, producers, handlers, retailers or trade partners with information about what they need to do to reach this lower level of illness. 三、 FSO的工作原理 FSO 必須結(jié)合食品安全管理的方法或措施的運(yùn)用,才能實(shí)現(xiàn)公共衛(wèi)生目標(biāo)。 From Leon Gorris 三、 FSO的工作原理 為此,還應(yīng)了解新的概念:Performance Objective PO) Performance Criterion (PC) Control Measures (CM) process criterion From ICMSF 三、 FSO的工作原理 執(zhí)行目標(biāo) ( Performance Objective) :消費(fèi)前食物鏈特定環(huán)節(jié)食品中所存在(微生物)危害的最大頻率和 /或最高濃度,以實(shí)現(xiàn) FSO或 ALOP。例如 Salmonellae and pathogenic E. coli 在包裝果汁中不超過(guò) 1 cfu/10 POs are equivalent to FSO, specifying hazard levels that are tolerable, but which 1 are set at one 2 or more specific steps earlier in the food chain (CAC, 2022). Performance Objective (PO): The maximum frequency and/or concentration of a (microbial) hazard in a food at a specified step in the food chain before time of consumption that still provides or contributes to the achievement of an FSO or ALOP, as applicable. Example Performance Objectives – Salmonellae and pathogenic E. coli shall not exceed 1 cfu/10 l when fruit juice is packaged for distribution. 三、 FSO的工作原理 執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)( Performance Crite