【正文】 ie. ii Almost everyone lies. 3. i All lies are evil and harmful so they should be avoided. ii Many lies are not evil but are necessary and beneficial to society. 4. Open.(But according to the writer,) standards regarding when lies are ac ceptable vary not only with individuals but aJso with different cultures. 5. The statement means that when one grows up, one may have the painful experience of realizing that other people may not hold the same opinion about honesty as one does. This is because the reality often runs counter to what is taught to children. 6. 2) those that are told with intention to harm the listener or a third party and to benefit the liar 3) those that don39。t tell the whole truth (Some information may be left unsaid.) 4) those that are told with no intention of being kept 5) those that are told to deceive oneself 7. (Open) 8. B 9. Because it prevents one from realizing one39。s shortings and improving oneself. 10. Different cultures may have different standards regarding when lies are acceptable. (. People in some cultures feel it is more important not to hurt others than to tell the truth). It may be hard to change these culturally based beliefs. B 1. People cannot make sound judgement about ...because we have not told them the truth. We should try to avoid lying because in a society where lying is mon, trust bees impossible, and without trust, cooperation cannot exist. 2. Your parents and your culture may teach you that liars will suffer, but in reality you find that they often don39。t, (This is what one39。s moral beliefs are pared with.)This realizatiamp。n may make you take a skeptical attitude towards your moral beliefs. It refers to the realization and them refers to moral beliefs. Because they don39。t appear to be true. 3. Many of the lies are told within government circles. For example, a person may lie to the government, or a government official may lie to the public, which falls into the category oflittle white lie. Here, the author is critical of the government because he thinks one person39。slittle white lieis another person39。s dirty lie 4. In the United States, people do not often tell all the truth in their ine tax reports, which is considered an unquestionable lie by the government. Because people feel the government already takes too much of their earnigns. 5. Some advertisers and politicians often make false promises, which ruin the reputation of other advertisers and politicians. It is implied here that some false promises are fairly harmless, but others are taken more seriously and can hurt the listener/receiver. 6. We have to be realistic about our dreams and ambitions on one hand and deceiving/tricking ourselves on the other. If we are not, we can39。t recognize the need for change, make the necessary changes, and achieve success. 7. The author suggests that ifwe have not looked at our faults, we should honestly examine ourselves closely to see what we really are like. Be realistic. 8. Ideas about lying vary from culture to culture. One culture may have a high opinion of truth even if it hurts, while another culture may consider that other people39。s feelings are more important. Vocabulary and Structure A 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. D 10. B B 1. going through 2. goes with 3. in response to 4. grew up 5. be having an affair with/have had an affair with 6. turn a blind eye to 7. hold ... together 8. watching for 9. in parison 10. draw a line between C 1. A. what is 2. A. than have 3. D. it 4. D. ignored 5. C. go 6. D. would he be 7. C. objected to 8. C. though 9. D. to say something 10. C. to his feet D 1. to 2. than 3. expressing 4. always 5. relief 6. But 7. persuaded 8. cracked 9. accident 10. in turn 11. recalJ 12. the 13. times 14. exchanged 15. uncovered 16. solution 17. nor 18. others 19. mind 20. leave Speaking (Open) Translation and Writing A 那些常常說謊又沒有充足理由的人被稱為病態(tài)說謊者。他們會對任何事情說謊。他們似乎無法控制說謊的；中動。對這些人的研究表明，他們中很多人小時候受過虐待或者來自有酗酒或有精神病家屬史的家庭；也有不少人在他們生長的家庭里，真話得不到尊重，沒有人說真話。他們似乎比常人更加強烈地需要得到別人的愛不口別人的尊重。但事實上，他們中并非每個人都無法控制自己說謊的欲望。沒人能說清為什么有些人能克制說謊而有些入?yún)s無法克制說謊。病態(tài)的 說謊者往往沒有親近的或長期維持的私人關系。他們非常謹慎，通常不介紹自己的熟人相互認識以免他們將聽到的東西進行比較。 * * * * * * * * * * * * 通常，北美國家的父母告誡他們的孩子說謊是壞事，他們不應該說謊。如果說謊，他們應該感到內(nèi)疚。在歐美文化中，對一個說謊孩子的傳統(tǒng)懲罰是用肥皂清洗他的嘴巴。然而通過他們自己的行為，父母也會告訴孩子，在某些情況下，大多數(shù)人確實也會說謊。因此孩子在這種雙重教育下長大—— 他們偶爾也 會說謊，但是他們會感到內(nèi)疚，并且不想讓別人知道他們已說了謊。 B 1. Different people have different opinions about whether lying is always bad and whether it should be avoided. 2. The tallest buildings in London are small in parison with the skyscrapers of New York. 3. The point at which people draw the line between an acceptable lie and a bad lie varies from individual to individual and culture to culture. 4. Mothers who spoil their children often turn a blind eye,t~~re faults of their children. 5. The country needs a leader who will hold the nation togetherwhen violence breaks out. 6. A selfish man categorizes all people into two groups, those he likes and those he dislikes. 7. She felt offended at my remarks, but it wasn39。t my intention to hurt her. 8. It is wrong for teachers to stereotype naughty students. 9. In some foreign countries, a person who intentionally leaves his job can find it easy to step aside for a while, supported by unemployment insurance and other benefits. 10. She has gone through tremendous pain since her husband died. Reading Practice 1 .