【正文】 e psychology of pulsive buying better than scientists do. D) pulsive bargain hunters do not have problems with money. 4. The article is mainly about . A) the psychology of moneyspending habits B) the purchasing habits of pulsive spenders C) a special psychology of bargain hunting D) the use of the psychology of spending habits in business 5. From the passage we may safely conclude that pulsive spenders or pulsive bargain hunters . A) are really unreasonable B) need special treatment C) are really beyond remedies D) can never get any help to solve their problems with money Passage 3 There is no doubt that a mon language used throughout the world would do much to bring countries closer to each other. Though it is being increasingly easy to move from place to place, our inability to municate with one another gives rise to numerous misunderstandings and makes real contact between people of differing nationalities impossible. Many attempts have been made to overe this problem and they have all failed. The fear of foreign influence and domination rules out the universal acceptance of any one of the existing major languages. Aware of this difficulty, many linguists have constructed artificial languages which could have no possible political overtones. They have argued that a language of this sort would perform much the same service as Latin did in the Middle Ages. Although linguists succeeded in making their artificial languages extremely simple so that they would be easy to learn, their efforts seemed doomed from the start. The reason for this is that there is no real incentive to learn an artificial language. There is nothing to guarantee that everybody is willing to make the effort。 there is no assurance that the learner will have any adequate return for his toil. When people today undertake to learn a foreign language, they are not interested only in speaking it. Mastery of a language makes available to the learner a great deal of worthwhile literature and many current publications. This is the biggest stumblingblock of all for the artificiallyconstructed tongue. Having no literature of its own, all it can offer is a limited of translations, which are valueless in themselves. Nor can it acquire any literature。 for it would have to be used for a great many generations before this could bee possible. Moreover, constant use over a long period would bring into being many 39。national39。 dialects and the language would thus defeat its own purpose. Another serious objection is the fact that a language is shaped by use and not by design. It is a living thing which is forever growing and changing. It takes hundreds of years before it can acquire richness and depth. In an artificial language, however, the meanings of words are rigidly defined. Inflexibility makes for an absence of subtlety, so that no really fine meaning can be conveyed. Though this quality might be admirable for scientific publications, it greatly impedes the formation of any significant literature. Latin was ideal in this respect, for it was a 39。dead39。 language with a literature。 an artificial one is 39。dead39。 from the start. This makes it likely that existing language barriers will remain with us for a very long time. 1. What would be the best title for this passage? A) Language Barriers In Communication B) Latin, A Dead But Ideal Language C) Artificial Language, A Solution to Language Barrier D) Problems With Artificial Languages 2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is not true? A) Although it is easy to travel around the world now, real contact is impossible as a result of our inability to municate. B) To overe the language barrier, people all over the world wele one of the major languages to be universal. C) People are afraid of losing their own languages as a result of the domination of major foreign languages. D) There are numerous misunderstandings in people39。s contacts. 3. The word doomed (Para 2, Line2) in this passage means . A) weled B) acclaimed C) disliked D) defeated 4. According to the passage, artificial languages haven39。t succeeded in overing language barriers mainly because . A) they are designed but not shaped in use. B) they lack incentives to learners. C) they will be mixed with national dialects. D) they have no literature of their own. 5. According to the passage, the author39。s attitude towards artificial languages can be best described as . A) optimistic B) sarcastic C) negative D) positive Passage 4 In 1838 the polical economist Malthous predicted that in time mankind would face starvation, having outgrown the available food supplies. Today, a century and a half later, there are still experts who forecast the same global disaster—unless urgent measures are taken to prevent it. By the end of the present century there may well be over five thousand million people living on this globe, an increase of over fifty percent of today39。 5 figure. In order to keep pace with this increase in mankind the farmers of the world would have to step up their production of food by at least two percent every year. Such a rate of increase has never been maintained in any country by conventional methods of agriculture, despite modern mechanization and the widespread use of fertilizer. There are no large worthwhile reserves of potential farmland remaining, and good fertile land is continually being diverted to industrial use. Moreover, erosion of the soil takes a constant toll. Intensive research, carried out over many years in all manners of climatic conditions, has produced a revolutionary method of growing crops without using any soil at