【正文】 ch are written in English. The man who lives next door is a doctor. My sister, who lives next door, is a doctor. （六） 關(guān)系代詞 that 和 which 的區(qū)別 1． 只能用 that 的情況 (1) 如果先行詞是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none ， 定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用 that，不用 which。例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. I’m interested in everything that I don’t know. (2) 如果先等詞被 all ,little none any, only, few, much, no, some, very 等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用 that,不用 which. 例如： I read all the books that you gave to me. This is the only money that I have in my pocket. 6 (3) 如果先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾或者先行詞是最高級(jí)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用 that,不用 which。 This is the first book that was written in English. This is the last factory that I visited. (4) 如果先等詞被 the only ,the very , the same ,the last 修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用 that,不用 which. This is the only book that I really like. He was the only person in the office that was invited to the ball. (5) 先行詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 that。而不用 who, which. 例如： The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. (6)who ,which 開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句中，關(guān)系代詞用 that. Who is the person that is standing there? Which of us that knows English doesn’t know this? (7) 關(guān)系代詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用 that. It took us many years to make the city that it is today. He is not the man that he used to be. (8) 先行詞是奇數(shù)詞或是序數(shù)詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用 that . Yesterday I caught two fish. Now you can see the two that are still alive in the basin of water. (9) 當(dāng)主句 “ there be ―開(kāi)頭時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞要用 that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾該句型的主語(yǔ)。 There are four desks in the middle of the office that are used for the teachers. (10) 當(dāng)先行詞是 “ to be ― 后面的表語(yǔ)時(shí)關(guān)系代詞用 that . This is the dictionary that was bought in the bookstore yesterday. 2．只能用 which的情況 1) 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞 that,作賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。如： There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、 are well educated. Bei jing , which is china’s capital, is rich in culture. 2)those/that +名詞后的定語(yǔ)從句用 which 引導(dǎo)。不能用關(guān)系代詞 that。 That pen which he took is mine. A shop should keep those goods which sells well. 3) 介詞后只用 which This is the room in which he lived. The chair on which he is sitting is made of wood. (4) which 還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中， which 可以作主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)， 不用that..例如： He succeeded in the petition, which made his parents very happy. (5)先行詞是 that 時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞要用 which. What’s that which flashed in the sky just now? (6) 關(guān)系代詞后面有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，益用關(guān)系代詞 which. Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help to improve your English. 7 3．只用 who, that 的情況 (1) 如果先行詞是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, those, ones等時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或 whom，不用 which .that。例如： Is there anyone here who will go with you? People all like those who have good manners. （ 2） 當(dāng)先行詞是指人的集合名詞時(shí)，如果作這個(gè)名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which。若是指集體中的各個(gè)成員，則用 who。 Mr. Smith came to visit my family, who were watching TV then. Our class, which is a very good one, was praised again at the meeting. (3)當(dāng)先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的 后置定語(yǔ)或者在被分割的定語(yǔ)從句中，宜用關(guān)系代詞 who Pro. Wang is ing soon who will give us a talk on how to learn English. (4) 當(dāng)先行詞用 body 或 one 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用 who We’d better not believe in anyone who we don’t know. (5) 當(dāng)先行詞是一個(gè)限定性的表示人的特定名詞時(shí)，常用 who The aunt/uncle who came to see us last week is my brother’s sister. （七）． ―介詞＋關(guān)系代詞 ―是一個(gè)普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu) (1)―介詞＋關(guān)系代詞 ―可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 ―介詞＋關(guān)系代詞 ―結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，關(guān)系代詞只可用 whom 或 which,不可用 that 。其中 whom 代表人， which 代表物 Who is the rade with whom you shook hands? Give me the book the cover of which is red (the cover of which=whose cover) He is the man whose father is a teacher.=He is the man the father of whom is a teacher. (2) from where 為 ―介詞＋關(guān)系副詞 ―結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句（不常用）。例如： We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.. （ 3） ***關(guān)系代詞前的介詞如何確定？ Mr. Smith bought a new house on which he spent all his money. There was no way in which it could be bought back to the earth. ( in this way) The gas with which doctors can save the patients is called oxygen. The gas without which we can not live is called oxygen. (4)***注意關(guān)系代詞的位置 介詞 在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用 which 和 whom 不能用 that 代替，也不可省略；介詞在句尾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可 which ,that ,whom, who,都行，而且還可以省略。 This is the drawer in which I put my letters. = This is the drawer (which/that )I put my letters in. Have you seen the pen with which I wrote letters this morning? = Have you seen the pen (which/that) I wrote letters with this morning? 所以一個(gè)句子有時(shí)有多種用法 如：那就是他工作的大學(xué) This is the college at which he works. This is the college that/which he works at. 但像 listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of 等固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中 8 一 般不宜將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)。例如： This is the boy whom she has taken care of. This is the book which /that I am looking for. （八） whose 引導(dǎo)從句的意義 1）指人 =of whom 表示所修飾的“某（些）人的用做所修飾的先行詞的所有格。 A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. 2) 指物 =of which 表所修飾的“某物的“ I live in the room whose window faces south. I live in the room, the window of which faces south ( whose +從句 可以用“ of which +從句”代替 ) （九） As 與 which 是有區(qū)別的 A) 相同之處： 都可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代前面的主句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。 which 可做賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ) He failed once more in the match, which was a great pity. He succeeded in the position, which made his parents very happy. B) 區(qū)別： 1） as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面．中間或后面，一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，但 which 所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。例如： 1) As we all know, Galileo’s theory of falling objects is right. = Galileo’s theory of falling objects, as we all know, is right = Galileo’s theory of falling objects is right, as we all know. 2) He was thrown into prison, which got round throughout our village 3) As is expected, the England team won the football match. 4) The earth runs around the