【正文】 ng up into the .. column of the journal ? General Ledger ? Subsidiary Ledger Questions 1. What are ledgers? 2. What are the rules of preparing ledgers? 3. Please decribe general ledger and subsidiary ledger. 3. trial balance ? Steps: ① List account titles in numerical order. ② Record balance of each account, entering debit balances in the left column and credit balances in the right column. ③ Add the columns and record the totals. ④ Compare the totals. 3. Trial Balance ? Possible errors in the accounting records: ① Failing to enter a transaction. ② Recording a transaction more than once. ③ Recording one or more amounts in the wrong accounts. ④ Making a pensating error that exactly offsets the effect of another error. 4. Adjusting procedures(features) ① They are the entries related to adjustment of accounting period. Although the exact day to record such entries is at the end of accounting period, it is often pleted at the beginning of next accounting period in accounting practice. ② They separate amounts of permanent accounts from temporary accounts. ③ They connect properly the accounting period when transactions occur with the period when the effect is resulted. ④ They need to be recorded in the journal and posted to ledger accounts. 5. Adjusting procedures: ① Apportioning(攤配 ) recorded costs to periods benefited. ② Apportioning recorded revenue to periods in which it is earned. ③ Accruing (記提 )unrecorded expense. ④ Accruing unrecorded revenue. 6. Closing procedures (1) Each temporary account has no balance at the end of accounting period after the closing. (2) Retained earnings will increase along with the realization of ine, or decrease with the occurrence of losses. (3) Except for retained earnings, other permanent accounts related to balance sheet will not be affected by the closing. Chapter 3 Financial Accounting Report 流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)： Current assets 貨幣資金 Currency fund 交易性金融資產(chǎn) Transaction financial assets 應(yīng)收票據(jù) Notes receivable 應(yīng)收賬款 Accounts receivable 預(yù)付賬款 Advance payment 應(yīng)收股利 Dividends receivable 應(yīng)收利息 Interest receivable 其他應(yīng)收款 Other receivables 存貨 Inventory 消耗性資產(chǎn) Wasting assets 待攤費(fèi)用 Expenses to be apportioned 一年內(nèi)到期的非流動(dòng)資產(chǎn) Noncurrent assets due in one year 其他流動(dòng)資產(chǎn) Other current assets 非流動(dòng)資產(chǎn) Noncurrent assets 可供出售金融資產(chǎn) Financial assets available for sale Chapter 3 Financial Accounting Report 持有至到期投資 Investment held to maturity 投資性房地產(chǎn) Investing real estate 長(zhǎng)期股權(quán)投資 Longterm equity investment 長(zhǎng)期應(yīng)收款 Longterm receivables 固定資產(chǎn) Fixed assets 在建工程 Construction in progress 工程物資 Engineering materials 固定資產(chǎn)清理 Liquidation of fixed assets 生產(chǎn)性生物資產(chǎn) Manufacturing biproduction 油氣資產(chǎn) Oil and gas assets 無(wú)形資產(chǎn) Intangible assets 開(kāi)發(fā)支出 Expenditure on research 商譽(yù) Goodwill 長(zhǎng)期待攤費(fèi)用 Longterm expenses to be apportioned 遞延所得稅資產(chǎn) Deferred ine tax assets Chapter 3 Financial Accounting Report 銀行存款 Bank deposit/ cash in bank 壞賬準(zhǔn)備 Allowance for bad debts 其他應(yīng)收款 Other receivables 物資采購(gòu) Purchase of materials 原材料 Raw material 包裝物 wrappage 低值易耗品 Low value and easily wornout articles 生產(chǎn)成本 Production cost 制造費(fèi)用 Manufacturing expense 庫(kù)存商品 Merchandise inventory 分期收款發(fā)出商品 Goods sent on collection in installments 長(zhǎng)期股權(quán)投資 Longterm equity investment 短期借款 Shortterm loan 應(yīng)付票據(jù) Notes payable 應(yīng)付賬款 Accounts payable 應(yīng)付職工薪酬 Payroll payable 應(yīng)付股利 Dividends payable 其他應(yīng)付款 Other payables Chapter 3 Financial Accounting Report 預(yù)提費(fèi)用 Accrued expense 應(yīng)交稅金 Taxed payable 長(zhǎng)期借款 Longterm loan 一年內(nèi)到期的長(zhǎng)期負(fù)債 longterm liabilities due in one year 股本 Capital stock 盈余公積 Surplus reserve 利潤(rùn)分配（未分配利潤(rùn)） Profit distribution (retained earnings) 營(yíng)業(yè)收入 Operating Ine 營(yíng)業(yè)成本 Operating Cost 營(yíng)業(yè)稅費(fèi) Operating Tax 銷(xiāo)售費(fèi)用 Selling Expense 管理費(fèi)用 Management Expense 財(cái)務(wù)費(fèi)用 Financial Expense 資產(chǎn)減值損失 Loss on Assets Decrement 公允價(jià)值變動(dòng)凈收益 Profit and loss on the changes in fair value 投資凈收益 Net investment profit 營(yíng)業(yè)利潤(rùn) Operating Profit 營(yíng)業(yè)外收入 nonoperating ine 營(yíng)業(yè)外支出 nonoperating outlay 非流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)處置凈損失 Loss on noncurrent assets disposing Chapter 3 Financial Accounting Report ? The financial accounting report is the final result of enterprises‘ accounting calculation. ? The financial accounting report is the written documents for reflecting the financial position on a specific date and operating results and cash flow of a specific period provided by the enterprises for external people. Financial Accounting Report ? Overview of financial accounting report 1. The aims of preparing financial accounting reports ① Provide the users with useful financial information for decisionmaking. ② Promote rational allocation of social resources and serve for the interest of the public. Financial accounting report ? The constitutes of financial accounting report 1. Accounting statements– principal and core Balance sheet, ine statement, statement of cash flow and relevant attached lists 2. Annotation of accounting statement 3. Specification of financial position Financial accounting report ? The classification of financial accounting report 1. Classification according to the reflected economic contents Static statements and dynamic statements 2. The classification according to timespan Month statements, quarter statements, semiannual statements and annual statements 3. The classification according to various subjects of preparation. Specified, bined and aggregated statements 4. The classification according to serving targets Internal and external statements Financial accounting report ? The requirements on preparation of financial accounting reports ① Reliable ② Relevant and Comparable ③ Full and Complete ④ Timely ⑤ Easy to understand Information re