【正文】 ..........................................................3 研究的背景、目的和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義 .............................................................................3 冰刀研磨技術(shù)概述 .................................................................................................4 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究狀況 .....................................................................................................6 主要內(nèi)容 .................................................................................................................6 2 冰刀研磨機(jī)總體結(jié)構(gòu) ...............................................................................................8 冰刀研磨機(jī)的主要指標(biāo) .........................................................................................8 冰刀研磨機(jī)的基本要求 ........................................................................................8 冰刀研磨機(jī)總體布局 ............................................................................................8 主要部件的設(shè)計(jì)和選擇 ...................................................................................... 10 磨削力的計(jì)算 .....................................................................................................12 冰刀的裝夾技術(shù) .................................................................................................. 12 本章小結(jié) .............................................................................................................. 15 3 冰刀研磨的數(shù)控加工工藝 .................................................................................... 16 數(shù)控研磨的特點(diǎn) .................................................................................................. 16 影響冰刀研磨質(zhì)量的因素 .................................................................................. 16 磨料的選擇 .......................................................................................................... 18 砂輪的結(jié)構(gòu) ........................................................................... ...............................19 冰刀與砂輪位置關(guān)系 ............................................................................................19 砂輪的修整 .......................................................................................................... 20 本章小結(jié) ...............................................................................................................22 4 冰刀研磨機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)方案 .....................................................................................23 系統(tǒng)的硬件結(jié)構(gòu) .................................................................................................. 23 研磨的運(yùn)動(dòng)控制分析 .......................................................................................... 23 砂輪恒線速度的控 制 .......................................................................................... 24 本章小結(jié) ................................................................................................................25 5 冰刀研磨機(jī)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的幾何建模 .........................................................................26 SOLID Edge 軟件簡(jiǎn)介 .....................................................................................26 冰刀研磨機(jī)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)體建模過(guò)程 ...................................................................26 本章 小結(jié) ............................................................................................................27 6 總結(jié)與展望 ............................................................................................................. 32 7 參考文獻(xiàn) ..................................................................................................................33 1 冰刀研磨機(jī)設(shè)計(jì) 摘 要 冰上運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展對(duì)冰刀質(zhì)量提出了更高的要求，可是冰刀的手工研磨自動(dòng)化程度低，研磨質(zhì)量和效率難以得到保證。在國(guó)內(nèi)，本文首次將數(shù)控方法應(yīng)用到冰刀研磨當(dāng)中去。冰刀的數(shù)控研磨需滿足設(shè)備便攜、工藝簡(jiǎn)單、控制精確、研磨精度高等方面的要求。本文結(jié)合國(guó)家體育總局冬奧會(huì)攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目“便攜式數(shù)控冰刀測(cè)量與研磨機(jī)的研制”，圍繞上述要求進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的深入研究，具體內(nèi)容如下： 首先，冰刀數(shù)控研磨機(jī)的便攜性主要體現(xiàn)在其設(shè)備本身的質(zhì)量和體積上。本文針對(duì) 影響冰刀研磨設(shè)備便攜性的因素，提出了兩點(diǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)備便攜性的方法。 確定了冰刀研磨機(jī)的總體布局和關(guān)鍵元部件的選取，冰刀采取立式，工作臺(tái)采取臥式， 盡量縮小設(shè)備的尺寸。 PC 機(jī)通過(guò)打印機(jī)接口直接連接冰刀研磨設(shè)備，實(shí)現(xiàn) PC 機(jī)直接數(shù)控，從而去掉了傳統(tǒng)數(shù)控設(shè)備中的工控機(jī)，以滿足冰刀研磨機(jī)便攜性的要求。 其次，本文分析了影響冰刀加工質(zhì)量的因素。結(jié)合這些因素，制定了冰刀研磨的加工工藝 。冰刀采取粗磨、精磨、拋光磨三級(jí)研磨，控制系統(tǒng)根據(jù)研磨總量自動(dòng)生成研磨工藝。研究設(shè)計(jì)了冰刀研磨的專(zhuān)用砂輪，同時(shí)根據(jù)砂輪的磨損機(jī)理，提出了砂輪修整方法。 最后，在基于華中開(kāi)放數(shù)控平臺(tái)的基礎(chǔ)上，開(kāi)發(fā)了冰刀研磨的系統(tǒng)控制軟件。設(shè)計(jì)了冰刀研磨砂輪的特殊運(yùn)動(dòng)方式采用 CNCPLC 模擬量單元的數(shù)據(jù)及信號(hào)處理環(huán)節(jié)，用變頻器來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)砂輪主軸電機(jī)的控制從而保證砂輪以恒定的線速度進(jìn)行研磨加工。將面向?qū)ο缶幊碳夹g(shù)應(yīng)用到冰刀的數(shù)控編程中，使數(shù)控編程變得簡(jiǎn)單易懂。系統(tǒng)軟件提供了友好的人機(jī)界面，使人機(jī)交互變得容易，更適合于運(yùn)動(dòng)員操 作使用，同時(shí)，系統(tǒng)還提供了加工在線仿真功能，使研磨加工過(guò)程變得形象而具體。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 冰刀 數(shù)控研磨機(jī) 便攜式 砂輪修整 面向?qū)ο缶幊? 2 Abstract The development of icesports brings more demands to the quality of skates. Aiming at the disadvantages of skates handwhetting which are poor quality, low automation and efficiency, skates numerical control whetting is proposed in this thesis. Combining with the project of “Development and Research of Portable Numerical Control Skates Muller” from National general bureau, systemic research on the portability and precision and whetting process of skates is madden in this thesis. Firstly, portability is a very important key demand of skates muller, it is mainly embodied in its equipment. After the analysis of effect factors of portability, two methods are put forward according to equipment portability. The general layout of skates muller and its key parts are brought out. Skates are equipped upright, workbench is mounted horizontally， shorten the size of equipment as possible as can. Through the selfmade circuit board that connected with the print port, skates muller is treated as peripheral equipment and is controlled by PC directly. Special skates clamp is developed in order to ensure the fastness rigidity. Secondly, the factors that influence the precision of skates, are analyzed. Based on these analyses and general amounts of skates, the process of whetting can be created automatically by control system. The whetting can be carved off three steps: rough whetting, accurate whetting, and polishing whetting. the researches on the grade whet of skates, the structure of grinding wheel are given. The adjustment method of grinding wheel is given bas