【正文】 是線路設(shè)備的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)， 是一個(gè)聯(lián)動(dòng)的整體，它涉及著車務(wù)，工務(wù)、電務(wù)部門(mén)，在一個(gè)部門(mén)出現(xiàn)失誤，輕則影響行車速度，重則中斷行車，將會(huì)給運(yùn)輸帶來(lái)直接損失。提速道岔是提高鐵路運(yùn)輸?shù)幕A(chǔ)，如何搞好工務(wù)線路設(shè)備的維修養(yǎng)護(hù)工作，為鐵路運(yùn)輸安全暢通夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)是職責(zé)所在，也對(duì)確保鐵路運(yùn)輸?shù)陌踩哂袠O為重要的意義。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 接頭 曲線 道岔 附帶曲線正失 病害 II Abstract Ordinary railway line, the rail joint is the weak link in line, rail joints disease seriously affect the line quality, eliminate the joint disease is the key line repair work. In the ordinary line, rail joint is one of the lines of the three weak links, the train through the joint generate strong impact force, joints have great influence to additional dynamic effect, the joint damage than other parts of the serious. Especially the joints of ballast deformation fastest, vulnerable to the formation of low joint. Rail joints disease seriously affect the quality of lines. Harm to the safety, the elimination of rail joints disease is one of the key line repair work. According to the mon diseases and causes of small radius curve analysis, proposed the daily maintenance of small radius curve, should take in the geometry size adjustment, strengthen the remediation technology and key measures of disease prevention, and continuous improvement of the measures have a little bit of. Curve is the weak link in the line equipment, and small radius curve is the weakest area, it is the disease focus, equipment status is not easy to control, a relatively large area of maintenance and repair, for small radius curve, everybody to go all the way, the small radius curve to strengthen preventive measures of all kinds, control of small radius curve make every attempt of the state, to extend the small radius curve repair cycle, reduce the cost of repair of small radius curve. The weak link switch is also the line equipment, is a linkage of the whole, which relates to a vehicle, engineering, electrical department, an error in a department, it will affect the train speed, heavy traffic interruption, will bring III direct losses to transport. Speedraising turnout is the basis of improving railway transport, how to repair the line equipment maintenance work, lay a solid foundation for the smoothness of railway transport safety is a responsibility, but also to ensure the safety of railway transportation is very important to. Keywords: Joint curve turnout with curve was losing disease 1 引 言 中國(guó)鐵路始建于 1876 年，鐵路運(yùn)輸線是我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的大動(dòng)脈，在我國(guó)交通運(yùn)輸體系中居于主導(dǎo)的骨干地位，它在國(guó)家的建設(shè)中占有重要地位。隨著我國(guó)改革開(kāi)放的深入，我國(guó)在修新線鐵路時(shí)采用了國(guó)內(nèi)外先進(jìn)科技成果，與此同時(shí)，對(duì)既有鐵路進(jìn)行補(bǔ)強(qiáng)和改造，并加強(qiáng)了對(duì)線路的養(yǎng)護(hù)和維修。較大的改善了鐵路的運(yùn)營(yíng)狀況，提高了鐵路抵抗自然災(zāi)害的能力，豐富了預(yù)防和整治鐵路線路病害的理論與實(shí)踐，對(duì)發(fā)展國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)，促進(jìn)工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，改善人民生活，改變邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)交通閉塞和文化技術(shù)落后面貌，鞏固國(guó)防，溝通國(guó)際交往，起到了國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)大動(dòng)脈的重要作用 。在當(dāng)今社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展的情形下，對(duì)鐵路運(yùn)輸?shù)男枨罅吭谥饾u增大，鐵路運(yùn)輸?shù)陌l(fā)展將偏向高速和重載運(yùn)輸。這樣就會(huì)加重鐵路線路的承載能力，造成鐵路線路損害，嚴(yán)重影響鐵路運(yùn)輸。為了保證鐵路能夠很好的完成運(yùn)輸任務(wù)，全面了解和掌握鐵路線路常見(jiàn)病害分析及預(yù)防整治技術(shù)非常的重要。 近年來(lái)，隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展，綜合國(guó)力的不斷提升，鐵路的發(fā)展也得到了質(zhì)一樣的飛躍。伴隨著鐵路的發(fā)展，勢(shì)必會(huì)對(duì)鐵路的需求和技術(shù)方面也越來(lái)越看重。鐵路線路類型、設(shè)備、零件隨時(shí)都在更新?lián)Q代，因此對(duì)于維修方法和技術(shù)要求也是越來(lái)越嚴(yán)格和科學(xué)。鐵路線路養(yǎng)護(hù)與 維修也必然在列，本文便是對(duì)接頭、曲線、正失、道岔這幾個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行探討與總結(jié)。 2 鋼軌接頭的預(yù)防與整治 、常見(jiàn)接頭病害 、鋼軌接頭病害的主要型式有 鋼軌接頭可以使鋼軌連續(xù)并自由伸縮，但列車通過(guò)接頭軌縫時(shí)，產(chǎn)生劇烈的沖擊和振動(dòng)。使得接頭發(fā)生形變。如不及時(shí)進(jìn)行保養(yǎng)或養(yǎng)修作業(yè)方法不當(dāng)，例如：連接零件松動(dòng)、接頭搗固不實(shí)、軌縫增大等更增加了接頭沖擊力，就會(huì)造成接頭軋低、鋼軌軋傷，鞍形磨耗、軌端裂紋、剝落掉塊、道床松動(dòng)和下陷、防磨墊層失效，軌枕失效，道床翻漿冒泥，產(chǎn)生空吊板等接頭 病害。下面是京九鐵路 DK2077+600 處上行線的鋼軌接頭圖11。 圖 11 京九鐵路 DK2077+600 處上行線的鋼軌接頭 鋼軌端部的馬鞍型磨耗。磨耗深度一般為 ～ ，長(zhǎng)度一般為 200～ 300mm，在鋪設(shè)混凝土軌枕地段比較明顯，而且發(fā)展也較快。 低接頭。這種病害一般發(fā)生在搗固不良地段，尤以曲線下股比較多見(jiàn)。 3 鋼軌破損。主要是軌頂面剝落、掉塊和螺栓孔裂紋。這種病害多數(shù)發(fā)生在淬火分界處和軌端，以曲線上股多見(jiàn)。 夾板彎曲或折斷。主要是頂部中央出現(xiàn)的細(xì)小裂紋，以后逐漸擴(kuò)大。 混凝土軌枕?yè)p壞破裂，主要發(fā)生在軌下斷面。 道床板結(jié)、溜坍沉陷、翻漿冒泥。前者主要發(fā)生在鋪設(shè)混凝土軌枕并有馬鞍形磨耗的地段。 、接頭病害的產(chǎn)生原因 接頭病害是復(fù)雜的，引起的原因又是有多方面的，歸納起來(lái)有兩個(gè)方面，一是鋼軌材質(zhì)不良，斷面及接頭部分淬火工藝不良等；二是列車動(dòng)力的作用。 通過(guò)對(duì)接頭受力后實(shí)際變形