外文翻譯----基于產(chǎn)業(yè)集群系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)新發(fā)展-文庫(kù)吧
2025-04-17 11:39 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 and also main points of policy on industrial development policy, include development of 10 core industry clusters, development of supporting industries, and development of vanquish industry in the future. Policy in KPIN has also considered national industry capability based on economic resources potential, industrial performance, and problems faced by national industry. Nevertheless, the strategy of industrial development in KPIN has not explicitly include element of innovation system in industrial development through cluster approach. KPIN has just shown the needs of the role of Ramp。D institution, university and government in order to support industrial cluster development. This can be seen from the relationship framework in KPIN document which include the three actors. Unclear role of Ramp。D institution and industrial sector have result in Indonesia’s high import of raw or supporting material (technology), as shown in Fig. 1. Thus, the presence of innovationbased industrial cluster can reduce import of raw or supporting material. Therefore, this paper seeks to examine the development of industrial cluster in Indonesia, as mentioned in National Policy of Industrial Development (KPIN). This paper also discuss about industrial cluster development based on innovation system carried out by Japan, Taiwan, and China. The result is then pared with Indonesia39。s industrial cluster development based on innovation system. Development of Industrial Policy in Indonesia In its development, the struggle of national industry at the end of 196039。s has enthusiastic progress, either in its structure, diversification, and market orientation. The development is not detached from external development influencing industrial policy implemented. Chronologically,industrial development policy describe that in rehabilitation and stabilization periods (19671972), and periods when oil booming happened (19731981), the policy implemented is by supporting the development of importsubstitution industry, for example textile and garment industry, paper, cement, or food and beverage. By the increase of oil price (oil boom), the policy was prolonged and even intensified. Even though, in period of 19821996, price of oil had weakened. Therefore, industrial development policy was aligned by adding new mission: developing exportoriented industry, and deepening and strengthening industrial structure. By economic crisis in 1998, the policy is saving industry in order to make it preserved through Industrial Revitalization Program. To define prospective industries, measurement of petitiveness was conducted, either from demand or supply side, to catch a glimpse of its capability to pete either in domestic area or overseas. The result of analysis for developed industry is grouped by two categories, included export oriented and domestic oriented industry, which then divided into four categories: naturalresourcebased industry, laborintensive industry, capitalintensive industry, and technology intensive industry. In defining industrial building as what is dreamed, based on the present industry, those chosen industries are fulfilled by other industry which is chosen based on its potential. Figure 2 explains the development of industrial development policy in Indonesia. Future strategy of industrial development in Indonesia mentioned in KPIN adapts latest ideas at the moment related with globalization and 21st technology development in industrial development approach through cluster concept at context of building sustainable industrial petitiveness. Basically, industrial cluster is an exert of grouping the interrelating core industry, either supporting industries, related industries, supporting services, economy infrastructure, and related institution. Besides to reduce transportation and transaction costs,the benefit of this cluster is also to increase efficiency, create collective asset, and pursue the creation of innovation. In middle range term, increase of industrial petitiveness is conducted through building and developing prioritized industrial cluster, while in long term is pointed out in integration of cluster approach by managing the demand, and building core pete
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