外文翻譯---隱蔽性通貨膨脹的影響及其應(yīng)用-文庫吧
2025-04-17 08:32 本頁面
【正文】 cific goods or services. The most mon and most wellknown measure of inflation is the change in the consumer price index the CPI. The CPI is a socalled costofliving index or pensation index. This means that the CPI measures how consumers’ cost of living changes over time. If consumers’ ines increase at the same rate as their cost of living, their utility will be unchanged over time. The CPI is often used for exactly this purpose as a basis for adjusting pensions or determining how pensation clauses in different agreements should be interpreted. To adjust for the effects of inflation in project evaluation, most authors prefer to use a general index, such as the Consumers Price Index. The reason is as follows: Since it is the investors39。 real ine or purchasing power that we seek to enhance,there is a slight advantage in choosing an index of Consumer Goods39。 prices such as the CPI. The changeable value of currency is the reason of inflation. With the inflation the currency value goes down. The inflation and deflation can be occurred as higher prices for food, cars, and other purchased modities and services for the people. 3 On the other hand for the business and government, inflation has eroded the purchasingpower of savings and earnings, if interest rates and salary raises have not kept pace with general price trends. Inflation types are shown below: Cost push inflation: Increases in producers’ costs that are passed along to customers,sometimes with disproportionate escalations that push prices up. Demandpull inflation: Excessive spending power of consumers, sometimes obtained at the expense of savings that pulls prices up. When the literature is searched, we can see that there are few works on fuzzy and Tolga (1995) examine the effects of fuzzy inflation rate on aftertaxrate calculations. De and Goswami (2020) present an EOQ model with fuzzyinflation rate and fuzzy deterioration rate when a delay in payment is permissible. 2 Relation between Inflation and Interest Inflation affects everyone with some degree. The degree of inflation affects the consequences when inflation is mild, the economy prospers. When inflation is moderate,increased demand pulls prices still higher. When inflation is severe, prices rise much faster than wages do. When inflation is hyperinflation (this is the most dangerous level of inflation), this uncontrolled inflation destroys a nation’s economy (Park2020). Hyperinflation is a problem in countries where political instability, overspending by the government, weak international trade balances, etc., is present (SharpBetteand Park 1990). When the government has inflation in its economy, first of all it pays attenti
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