【正文】 and the next. Urban environments that do not have this character are called placeless,and often the only way to fully appreciate the contribution that place makes to our lives is to spend time in placeless (1976,)defines placelessness as ? a weakening of the identity of places to the point where they not only look alike but feel alike and offer the same bland possibilities of experience. Placeslessness in residential environments results form: Road environments that have no direct relationship with the uses and activities along them Uniformity and standardisation within the built environment(figure ) The adoption of synthetic,nostalgic or inauthentic themes in the design of either buildings or urban spaces,which ultimately bee mon between different schemes. In his thinking about how to overe the blandness of urban development,gordon cullen(1961) argues simply for a recognition of both hereness and thereness in urban suggests that people should have a feeling of entering or leaving a variety of places as they pass through the urban you enter a distinctive,individually designed street or square,he argues,you will have a sense of hereness and ,by definition,the other distinctive streeta and squares will have an equally considered design(figure ). CREATE URBAN FORM Places result from the way that individual buildings are brought together to create urban and squares are types of urban form resulting from how individual buildings are brought together in the design,and just as we might carefully design an individual building,the form of a street or square,or the pattern of streets and squares that go together to make an entire scheme,should not be left to design could almost be defined,therefore ,as the act of designing urban form。and the process of designing distinctive urban forms should result in physically distinctive places emerging within a scheme. DEFINE SPACE In creating urban form the urban designer is helping to decide how the space of the urban environment will be the most general levelthe urban designer is helping to decide where the solid walls of buildings will go,and in so doing choosing what will be outside and what will be the inside is a figure ground plan showing the pattern of urban form that results form that results from this process where the distinction between the solids(buildings)and voids(outdoor spaces)is most ground drawings are an easy way of illustrating the pattern of urban form that is being suggested within an area. TYPES OF URBAN SPACE Urban space is not merely distinguishable as either outdoor or ,from an urban design perspective,it is better to distingguish between four types of outdoor space which reflect who will have access to the space and something about how it will be perceived and used.. PUBLIC SPACE: public spacerefers to urban space which is easily accessible to the general public at any time of day or night(figure )streets are an obvious type of public space which people can physically enter and is a degree of management or control of what you can do within street space which is influenced by laws and cultures,whilst the physical design shapes quite clearly if it lends itself to ,for example,playing sports,walking,running,cycling or tremendous variation in what you might do in public space,however,physical access is maintained. Semipublic space:pared to public space,semipublic space is a type of space in which some greater degree of control is exerted over when access is tend to be spaces which allow general public ,due to a far stronger management regime,they might,for example,be closed for certain addition,management may also influence who can use the space(figure ).let us the example of an urban square with a small park in the middle of hat park is always open to the public then it would be regarded as a public space ,if ,however,a boundary was erected,and the park was closed at night,then it would be a semipublic benefit of making it a semipublic space may be that access to the public is safer,or that a slightly more sensitive environment can be protected from vandalism or other types of misuse. Private space： the final space is exclusively for the use of the residents of a private spaces form gardens， although sometimes roof gardens or balconies serve an identical purpose(figure ).such spaces allow private residents plete control and a higher degree of both security and privacy,so that they can use the space for what they wish。for example,gardening,storing rubbish,sunbathing,playing or fixing the bike. A residential area is made up of these types of space,and differently designed urban forms will result in different patterns and relationships emerging between these types of spaces tend to form a work which provides a pattern of access for residents(figure ) sometimes semipublic spaces may be introduced ,typically as open spaces or play area,into the pattern of public areas tend to be located between the public spaces and people homes so that a zone of control is introduced between a public street and a private ,semiprivate spaces can also form shared private gardens,and these may be included in a scheme between private gardens,and these may be included in a scheme between private ,private gardens,where they exist,tend to be accessible from the home but,as a matter of principle,they should not abut a public this is will be discussed below. INTERFACES The boundaries between the diffe