【正文】 ，政府可以支持安全管理的方式，圖 8 顯示的結果。 62％的受訪者表示完成態(tài)度作為主要工具。然而，根據受訪者，在施工部負責施工安全的官員，根據現(xiàn)行的政府政策提供財政援助是不可行的。 31％的受訪者認為，政府應該進 行有效的檢查。目前沒有進行有效的檢查，因為不可能有足夠的檢查員在所有時間訪問所有工作場所和所有可能出現(xiàn)新的危險（ MacCollum，1995 年）。在目前情況下，通過政府的管理是最可行的方法，是提供安全培訓和嚴格執(zhí)行適當法律框架的前提。 7 結論 由于建設獨特的性質所以它是最危險的行業(yè)其之一。按照國際標準，中國的施工現(xiàn)場的安全紀錄不佳。每年的報告記錄大約有 1000 人死亡在建筑工地和大量的職業(yè)事故，但是這些數(shù)字只顯示了大量未報告的死亡人數(shù)和事故的冰山一角。在大多數(shù)中國施工企業(yè)的安全管理需要關注如下所示： ?承建商沒有記錄適當?shù)陌踩芾碇贫鹊男杳鞔_安全手冊 。這是令人驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)，只有小部分承建商為工人提供足夠的必要的個人防護裝備 。 ?高層管理人員很少出席安全會議可以看出他們對安全管理有敷衍的態(tài)度 ?只有少數(shù)承建商提供系統(tǒng)的安全培訓，大部分（ 68％）的受訪者視為最影響工地意外的因素，而其中一些（ 5％）認為工人嚴重的心理負擔是影響安全的因素，這印證了對施工組織管理的消極態(tài)度的看法。 雖然有許多因素影響安全性能因素，受訪者認為主要因素是： ?高層領導人的安全意識差 。 ?缺乏訓練 。 ?項目經理的安全意 識差 。 ?不愿投入安全資源 。 ?盲目操作 在分析的基礎上，可以得出結論，該行業(yè)應該更積極地組織培訓課程從而提高工人的安全意識。關于建筑企業(yè)之間的惡性競爭，政府應采取以下措施： ?規(guī)范建筑市場，將其分割成不同的階層，例如，根據大，中，小型項目類別注冊市場基礎的承建商，上層建筑，地盤平整，排水，土建等，以減少在某些領域競爭的承包商數(shù)量。 ?建立一個適當?shù)脑u審制度，投標價格的形成作為評價標準之一。此外，過去對安全的表現(xiàn)、質量和管理的態(tài)度應包括在內。 參考文獻： [1] Blank, ., Laflamme, L., Andersson, R. 安全科學學報 26（ 3） ， 1997 [2] Center to Protect Workers_ Rights，全國 議 會上工效，安全，衛(wèi)生建設 ， 1993 [3] Chen, . 中國 建筑業(yè) 與 外國投資 ， 建筑研究與信息 26， 1997 [4] “中國統(tǒng)計年鑒 ”，中國統(tǒng)計出版社 （ 北京 ）， 2020 [5] Ding, ., Deng, Q., Yao, . 中國的安全建設 ,中國建筑工業(yè)年鑒出版社， 2020 [6] Fellner, ., SulzerAzaroff, B. 中國安全研究 ， 1984 [7] Glendon, ., Stanton, . 對安全文化的觀點 ， 安全科學 34， 2020 [8] Gun， . 法規(guī) 在預防職業(yè)傷害的作用 ， 安全科學 16， 4766， 1993 [9] Hakkinen, K. 提高 高層管理人員 安全 意識， 安全科學 20， 299304， 1995 [10] Mattila, M., Hyodynmaa, M. 促進建筑安全 的方法，中國職業(yè)事故， 255267， 1988 [11] Tam, ., Fung, . 香港 在 安全性能上的安全管理策略 ， 建筑管理與經濟學16（ 1）， 4955， 1998 [12] Tam, ., Fung, . . 建筑管理與經濟學 19（ 4）， 393403， 2020 [13] Zhang, X. 建造業(yè)的專業(yè)素質分析 ， 建筑經濟學 2,1619， 2020 Identifying elements of poor construction safety management in China . Tam a,*, . Zeng a,b, . Deng a a Department of Building and Construction, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong b Aetna School of Management, National University of Fenland, Received 9 April 2020。 received in revised form 23 April 2020。 accepted 12 May 2020 Abstract: Construction is one of the most hazardous industries due to its unique nature. Measured by international standards, construction site safety records in China are poor. This paper aims to examine the status of safety management in the Chinese construction industry, explore the riskprone activities on construction sites, and identify factors affecting construction site safety. The findings reveal that the behavior of contractors on safety management are of grave concern, including the lack of provision of personal protection equipment, regular safety meetings, and safety training. The main factors affecting safety performance include poor safety awareness of top management, lack of training, poor safety awareness of project managers, reluctance to input resources to safety_ and _reckless operations_. The study also proposes that the government should play a more critical role in stricter legal enforcement and organizing safety training programs. Keywords: Construction。 Occupational accident。 Safety。 Factor analysis 1. Introduction All over the world, construction is one of the most hazardous industries due to its unique nature (Jannadi and BuKhamsin, 2020). Construction safety is always a grave concern for both practitioners and researchers. A number of causes influencing safety performance in the construction industry have been identified that include workers_ attitudes (Hinze, 1981)。 construction pany size, safety policy, project coordination, and economic pressure (Hinze and Raboud, 1988)。 management training (Gun, 1993。 Jaselskis and Suazo, 1994)。 and safety culture (Tam and Fung, 1998。 Glendon and Stanton, 2020。 Tam et al., 2020). Measures taken to prevent occupational injuries and improve safety performance have been extensively explored (Laufer and Ledbetter, 1986。 Harper and Koehn, 1998). Some of these studies (Fellner and SulzerAzaroff, 1984。 Mattila and Hyodynmaa, 1988。 Laitinen and Ruohomaki, 1996) reveal that when goals are posted and feedback is given, the safety index is significantly higher than that when no feedback is given. Hakkinen (1995) advocated a training program called _one hour for safety management_ for top management. The application of the program was successful in drawing managements attention to safety issues. One study indicates that 83% of projects achieve the zero accident goals after applying the _Zero Accident Program_ (Center to Protect Workers_ Rights, 1993。 Hinze and Wilson, 2020). As regards construction safety in China, the record is poor in terms of international standards. In 1999, 923 site accidents of Grade IV 1 and above (each accident involves two fatalities。 or 3–19 severe injuries。 or – million RMB Yuan in direct economic losses) were recorded at countryside construction, in which 1097 construction workers lost their lives (China Statistical Yearbook of Construction, 2020). The total construction workforce was 24,286,000 in 1999, representing a rate of these Grade I–IV serious site accidents of per 100,000 workers. The fatality rate in these serious accidents is per 100,000 workers. This seriously underestimates the total fatality rate, as single fatalities are not all reportable. (It is estimated that the actual fatality for USA is per 100,000 workers according to NIOSH, 2020.) This paper describes the findings from a structured questionnaire survey and interviews on safety management to the Chinese construction industry with the following objectives: ? to examine the status of safety management in the industry。 ? to explore the riskprone activities on construction sites。 ? to identify the factors affecting construction site safety。 and ? to propose suggestions for improving safety performance. 2. Background of construction safety in China . Ro