【正文】 直到做出這個(gè)例外，當(dāng)未成年人達(dá)到法定年齡后，保險(xiǎn)公司應(yīng)繼續(xù)要求托管人完成轉(zhuǎn)讓所有權(quán)形式。此外，職業(yè)家庭法的律師應(yīng)當(dāng)注意烏 特馬法規(guī)下的托管人通過(guò)不在適當(dāng)時(shí)候轉(zhuǎn)交財(cái)產(chǎn)來(lái)濫用或違反其義務(wù)事實(shí)發(fā)生的潛在性。 參與子女監(jiān)護(hù)訴訟 的 律師 將 會(huì) 盡職地去 詢問是否有烏特馬 規(guī)定下的財(cái)產(chǎn) 存在，如果 存在 ， 就要保證列明托管人會(huì)可信并且愿意保護(hù)未成年人的最大利益 。如果 發(fā)生 任何關(guān)于托管人愿意適當(dāng)?shù)匦惺蛊渎氊?zé) 的 疑問 ，律師應(yīng)該通過(guò)撤換和任命新的托管人等方式來(lái)采取防范措施。 3 結(jié)論 烏特馬法規(guī)會(huì)成為人們轉(zhuǎn)移財(cái)產(chǎn)給未成年人的有效方式。即便如此，對(duì)于人壽保險(xiǎn)而言需要托管人完成去一份令人迷惑的財(cái)產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移表格，進(jìn)而才能轉(zhuǎn)移無(wú)形的個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)的占有權(quán)給剛剛成年的人。這迫使未成年人 必須進(jìn)行訴訟反對(duì)托管人以強(qiáng)迫他們轉(zhuǎn)移財(cái)產(chǎn)，該行為同時(shí)也威脅未成年人產(chǎn)生因不提出在限制法規(guī)之內(nèi)的訴訟而丟失他們的財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利的可能性。此外，保險(xiǎn)公司能容易地在保險(xiǎn)單內(nèi)記錄托管人權(quán)力的終止日期。鑒于烏特馬的根本目的是促進(jìn)安全轉(zhuǎn)移財(cái)產(chǎn)和對(duì)未成年人的占有，烏特馬應(yīng)修改，允許托管人監(jiān)管的財(cái)產(chǎn)在未成年人達(dá)到必要年齡時(shí)能夠自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)交。直到烏特馬被修改，涉及離婚和子女撫養(yǎng)權(quán)訴訟的律師應(yīng)保持警惕，并確定是否存在烏特馬財(cái)產(chǎn)，如果存在要確保一個(gè)合適的人作為托管人 。 6 Protecting Minors by Reconsideration of Life Insurance Contract Ownership Transfers Under the UTMA BY ANTHONY J. ALT DEPARTMENTS CHILDREN The purpose of model laws is twofold: (1) to further uniformity among various jurisdictions and (2) to help provide clear legislation that protects the best interests of those to whom the legislation will apply. One largely successful model law is the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act (UTMA), which has been adopted in 48 states and the District of Columbia. The UTMA is an expansion of the Uniform Gifts to Minors Act, which has been adopted in some form in every state. The UTMA is a mix between a trust and a guardianship and permits transfers of property to minors by vesting them with legal title and equitable interest to the property, while granting possessory rights, powers, and duties to custodians of the property on behalf of minors. As such, the UTMA, with which family law practitioners should be familiar, permits actions that can be of tremendous benefit to minors, but simultaneously makes minors vulnerable to the negligence or willfully adverse actions of the custodians of property transferred under the UTMA. Family law attorneys should inquire whether UTMA property exists. The UTMA’s requirement that custodians affirmatively transfer custodial property to minors once they reach the required age. A custodian’s affirmative duty to transfer custodial property, such as ownership of a life insurance policy, leaves a minor susceptible to a custodian who fails to transfer the property, whether due to negligence or willfulness. Instead of an affirmative duty to transfer custodial property, the UTMA should be modified to provide for an automatic transfer of 7 ownership and possession of a life insurance policy upon a minor’s reaching the requisite age. But until the UTMA is modified, attorneys handling divorce and child custody proceedings should inquire whether a minor is an owner or beneficiary of a life insurance policy under the UTMA and if so, ensure that the custodian listed on the policy will protect the best interests of the minor and transfer the policy or proceeds at the proper time. If it is questionable whether the named custodian of the property will protect the best interests of the minor, an attorney involved with divorce or child custody proceedings should seek to have the UTMA custodian changed. This can be acplished by having the custodian resign and a successor custodian named or by petitioning the court. For attorneys handling a divorce proceeding, ascertaining whether a minor is an owner of a life insurance policy or annuity under the UTMA (or any UTMA property) is important since such property is not marital property of the , it should not affect calculating the distribution of marital property. CREATION OF CUSTODIAL PROPERTY AND CUSTODIAN’S DUTIES UNDER UTMA Under 167。 9 of the UTMA, a person is able to make a gift to a minor by transferring property to a minor. Such a transfer or gift indefeasibly vests a minor with interest in the property, but the property is temporarily placed under the care of a custodian instead of the minor12 until the minor reaches the requisite age. The type of property that a person may transfer is broad. In fact, a person may transfer any “conceivable legal or equitable interest in property of any kind, including intangible personal property.” One of the types of property that a person may transfer to or vest in a minor is a life insurance policy. The UTMA explicitly allows for a person to transfer ownership of or to name a minor as an owner of a life or endowment insurance policy or annuity. This may be acplished by providing the name of a custodian with the insurance or annuity provider 8 by including the words “as custodian for (na