【正文】 The Regulations on Management of Surveying and Mapping Market is now under appraisal in the State Council. The State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping has worked out and published over 20 decisions and methods, such as the Provisional Methods on Surveying and Mapping Market Management, the Decisions on Surveying and Mapping Qualification. In provinces and autonomous regions, over 30 regulations on Surveying and Mapping Management and more than 40 rules have been issued. SBSM paid great attention to the issuing of the important geographic data, worked out the Decisions on Provisions and Applications of National 5 Fundamental Geographic Information, and licensed system for application of national fundamental geographic data. In order to promote the applications of geographic data and establish datasharing mechanism, SBSM offered free of charge a group of geographic data to 14 central government departments and over 10 provincial governments. The National Committee on Geographic Information has been established in Chinese Government, with the chairman from the State Commission of Development Planning, and SBSM representative as one of the vice chairmen. SBSM has set up the National Technical Committee on Standardization of Geographic Information with many ministries and state bureaus involved. Since 1997, the basic surveying and mapping became one of the important independent part in the National Economy and Social Development Annul Plan. Same in the provinces and autonomous regions, the mapping became an independent part of the annual development plan. SBSM and the Ministry of Finance have jointly worked out and published the Financial Rule for Mapping Units and the Financial Quotas for Mapping Production. III. GEODETIC NETWORK The 1985 height system of China was established in the middle of 1980s. Since 1991, SBSM, jointly with other agencies in China, have made the remeasurement of the firstorder leveling, with 241 leveling lines and 77 closing lops, and field results of 93,000 km. The data processing was pleted in 1999. The vertical datum in China is in Qingdao City, Shandong Province. 6 Through 7 years efforts, a national GPS work of China was established in 1998, including Aorder work and Border work. The Aorder work consists of 33 stations, and the Border work consists of 818 points. The first national gravity work of China was established in 1957. The 1985 National Gravity Network (NGN1985) has been in use for over a decade of years. Since 1999, SBSM together with other agencies, started to establish the 2020 National Gravity Network (NGN 2020), which consists of 18 original stations and 119 basic points. The field work will be pleted by the end of 2020 and data processing will be done in 2020. IV. FRAMEWORK CONSTRUCTION After the establishment of 1:1m national database in 199039。s, SBSM pleted the construction of 1:250,000 national database in 1998. The database consists of three subdatabases: the topographic subdatabase, DEM database, and geographic name subdatabase. The data for the databases are from 816 sheets of 1:250,000 maps. The topographic database includes 14 layers, such as hydrography, transportation, boundaries, settlement, topography, vegetation, etc. The DEM database includes two kinds: 100100m and 33. The geographic database has over 800,000 place names registered. For the establishment of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure, SBSM launched in 1999 the construction of 1:50,000 national databases, including the Digital Raster Graphic (DRG) database, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) database, the Digital Orthophoto Map (DOM) database, the Digital Line Graphic (DLG) database, the Geographic 7 Names database, and the Landcover database. The construction of the 1:50,000 national databases would be the main tasks for SBSM in the ing years. 1:10,000 database is one important part of the national fundamental geographic information. The establishment of 1:10,000 database is the main tasks for provincial and regional bureaus. SBSM has worked out Guidelines for 1:10,000 Fundamental Geographic Information Revision and Database Designing. SBSM also has published guidelines for standardization of urban geographic information system. The National Geodetic Database, as an important part of national fundamental geographic information systems, was established in the period of 19951999, including gravity subdatabase, GPS work subdatabase, leveling subdatabase, and triangulation subdatabase. During the reported period, SBSM restructured the production units and established a group of production bases for digital products. A national digital surveying and mapping production systems has been formed under the support of 3S technology (GPS, RS and GIS) and with 4D products (DEM, DRG, DOM and DLG). In 1999, as approved by the Chinese government, SBSM started a special large project called National Fundamental Surveying and Mapping Infrastructure Project. The objective of the project is to establish the industrial infrastructure for geographic information acquiring, processing, storage, management, distribution and applications. The project is posed of four parts: the remote sensing data processing system, the fundamental geographic information management and service 8 system, the fundamental geographic information production system, and