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【正文】 令集和輸 出管腳相兼容。由于將多功能 8位 CPU和閃爍存儲器組合在單個芯片中, ATMEL的 AT89C51是一種高效微控制器,為很多嵌入式控制系統(tǒng)提供了一種靈活性高且價廉的方案。 :與 MCS51 兼容 ,4K字節(jié)可編程閃爍存儲器 ,壽命: 1000寫 /擦循環(huán),數(shù)據(jù)保留時間: 10 年,全靜態(tài)工作: 0Hz24Hz,三級程序存儲器鎖定, 128*8 位內(nèi)部 RAM, 32可編程 I/O線,兩個 16位定時器 /計數(shù)器, 5個中斷源,可編程串行通道,低功耗的閑置和掉電模式,片內(nèi)振蕩器和時鐘電路。 : VCC:供電電壓, GND: 接地, P0 口: P0 口為一個 8位漏級開路雙向 I/O口,每腳可吸收 8TTL門電流。當 P1口的管腳第一次寫 1時,被定義為高阻輸入。 P0能夠用于外部程序數(shù)據(jù)存儲器,它可以被定義為數(shù)據(jù) /地址的第八位。在 FIASH編程時, P0 口作為原碼輸入口,當 FIASH進行校驗時, P0輸出原碼,此時 P0外部必須被拉高。 P1口: P1口是一個內(nèi)部提供上拉電阻的 8位雙向 I/O口, P1口緩沖器能接收輸出 4TTL門電流。 P1口管腳寫入 1后,被內(nèi)部上拉為高,可用作輸入, P1口被外部下拉為低電平時,將輸出電流,這是由于內(nèi)部上拉的緣故。 在 FLASH編程和校驗時, P1 口作為第 8位地址接收。 P2口: P2口為一個內(nèi)部上拉電阻的 8位雙向 I/O口, P2口緩沖器可接收,輸出 4個 TTL門電流,當 P2口被寫 “1” 時,其管腳被內(nèi)部上拉電阻拉高,且作為輸入。并因此作為輸入時, P2 口的管腳被外部拉低,將輸出電流。這是由于內(nèi)部上拉的緣故。 P2 口當用于外部程序存儲器或 16 位地址外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲器進行存取時, P2 口輸出地址的高八位。在給出地址“1” 時,它利用內(nèi)部上拉優(yōu)勢,當對外部 8位地址數(shù)據(jù)存儲器進行讀寫時, P2口輸出其特殊功能寄存器的內(nèi)容。 P2口在 FLASH編程和校驗時接收高 8位地址信號和控制信號。 P3口: P3口管腳是 8個帶內(nèi)部上拉電阻的雙向 I/O口,可接收輸出 4個 TTL門電流。當 P3口寫入 “1” 后,它們被內(nèi)部上拉為高電平,并用作輸入。作為輸入,由于外部下拉為低電平, P3口將輸出電流( ILL)這是由于上拉的緣故。 P3口也可作為 AT89C51的一些特殊功能口 : RXD(串行輸入口) 、 TXD(串行輸出口) 、 /INT0(外部中斷 0) 、 /INT1(外部中斷 1) 、 T0(記時器 0外部輸入) 、 T1(記時器 1外部輸入 ) 、 /WR(外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲器寫選通) 、 /RXD(外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲器讀選通)。 P3口同時為閃爍編程和編程校驗接收一些控制信號。 RST:復(fù)位輸入。當振蕩器復(fù)位器件時,要保持 RST腳兩個機器周期的高電平時間。 ALE/PROG:當訪問外部存儲器時,地址鎖存允許的輸出電平用于鎖存地址的地位字節(jié)。在 FLASH編程期間,此引腳用于輸入編程脈沖。在平時, ALE端以不變的頻率周期輸出正脈沖信號,此頻率為振蕩器頻率的 1/6。因此它可用作對外部輸出的脈沖或用于定時目的。然而要注意的是:每當用作外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲器時, 將跳過一個 ALE脈沖。如想禁止 ALE的輸出可在 SFR8EH地址上置 0。此時, ALE只有在執(zhí)行 MOVX, MOVC指令是 ALE才起作用。另外,該引腳被略微拉高。如果微處理器在外部執(zhí)行狀態(tài) ALE禁止,置位無效。 /PSEN:外部程序存儲器的選通信號。在由外部程序存儲器取指期間,每個機器周期兩次 /PSEN有效。但在訪問外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲器時,這兩次有效的 /PSEN信號將不出現(xiàn)。 /EA/VPP:當 /EA 保持低電平時,則在此期間外部程序存儲器( 0000H~ FFFFH),不管是否有內(nèi)部程序存儲器。注意加密方式, /EA 將內(nèi)部鎖定為 RESET;當 /EA 端保持高電平時,此間內(nèi)部程序存儲器。在 FLASH編程期間,此引腳也用于施加 12V編程電源( VPP)。 XTAL1:反向振蕩放大器的輸入及內(nèi)部時鐘工作電路的輸入。 XTAL2:來自反向振蕩器的輸出。 振蕩器: XTAL1和 XTAL2分別為反向放大器的輸入和輸出。該反向放大器可以配置為片內(nèi)振蕩器。石晶振蕩和陶瓷振蕩均可采用。如采用外部時鐘源驅(qū)動器件, XTAL2應(yīng)不接。有余輸入至內(nèi)部時鐘信號要通過一個二分頻觸發(fā)器,因此對外部時鐘信號的脈寬無任何要求,但必須保證脈沖的高低電平要求的 寬度。 芯片擦除: 整個 PEROM 陣列和三個鎖定位的電擦除可通過正確的控制信號組合,并保持 ALE 管腳處于低電平 10ms 來完成。在芯片擦操作中,代碼陣列全被寫 “1” 且在任何非空存儲字節(jié)被重復(fù)編程以前,該操作必須被執(zhí)行。此外, AT89C51設(shè)有穩(wěn)態(tài)邏輯,可以在低到零頻率的條件下靜態(tài)邏輯,支持兩種軟件可選的掉電模式。在閑置模式下, CPU停止工作。 但 RAM,定時器,計數(shù)器,串口和中斷系統(tǒng)仍在工作。在掉電模式下,保存 RAM的內(nèi)容并且凍結(jié)振蕩器,禁止所用其他芯片功能,直到下一個硬件復(fù)位為止。 About Singlechip Refers to an integrated singlechip at a chip on the integrity of puter systems. Even though most of his features at a small chip on, but it has a plete puter most of the necessary ponents: CPU, memory, internal and external bus system, most will have the Core. At the same time, such as integrated munication interfaces, timers, realtime clock and other peripheral equipment. And now the most powerful singlechip microputer system can even voice, image, work, plex input and output of system integration on a single chip. Also known as singlechip microcontroller, because it is the first to be used in the field of industrial control. Singlechip by chip dedicated processor CPU only evolved. The first design concept through to a large number of peripherals and CPU in a single chip, the puter system so that smaller, more easily integrated into the plex and demanding with regard to the reference control devices. INTEL the Z80 is one of the earliest in accordance with this idea to design the processor, From then on, the MCU and the development of a dedicated processor parted ways. Early singlechip 8bit or all of four. One of the most successful are Intel39。s 8031, because the performance of a good reliable and easy access to great acclaim. Later on in 8031 developed a series of singlechip microputer system MCS51. Based on singlechip microputer system of the system is still widely used until now. As the field of industrial control requirements improve, beginning a 16bit singlechip, but not ideal because costeffective has not been very widely used. After the 9039。s with the big consumer electronics product development, singlechip technology has been enormous improve. With INTEL i960 series, especially the later series of widely used ARM, 32bit singlechip 16bit singlechip microputer rapidly replacing highend status, and enter the mainstream market. Whereas the traditional 8bit MCU performance has been the rapid increase in processing power pared to the 8039。s to raise a few hundred times. At present, the highend singlechip 32 GHz has been more than 300MHz, the performance of close on the heels of the mid9039。s dedicated processor, while the general model exfactory price dropped to one . dollars, the most highend models, only 10 . dollars. Contemporary singlechip microputer system is no longer only in the baremetal environment development and use of a large number of dedicated embedded operating system is widely used in on a full range of singlechip microputer. In the cell phone as a handheld puter and deal with highend singlechip core can even direct the use of a dedicated Windows and Linux operating systems. Singlechip 8051 CPU by the operator and controller. Calculator to plete the binary arithmetic/logic operations Parts ALU at the core, together with registers on TMP, accumulator ACC, register B, the procedure register PSW status symbol and Boolean processor. Accumulator ACC is an eight registers, which are the most frequent job of CPU registers. In arithmetic, logic operations, the accumulator ACC is often a temporary one at preputing operands (such as being summand), and puting and then save the results (such as algebra and). Register B mainly used for multiplication and division operations. PSW register is also a mark of eight registers, used to store the results of some of the characteristics of puting, if not binary, and so on, and borrow. Its specific meaning of each are shown below. PSW CY AC FO RS1 RS0 OVP to users, the most concerned about are the following four. First of all, the binary symbol CY (PSW7). Whether or not it
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