【正文】 。 trouble. friends and neighbours were so generous. in his munity were close to each other. was so lucky to find much that was good.（4）How will the author probably feel when the New Year finally es? ....【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）A（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者家房子受到火災(zāi)影響，物品受損，一切都需要清理，但朋友們和鄰居們提供的幫助，讓作者感受到了他們的善良，對(duì)他們感恩。作者感受到擁有彼此才是最重要的。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“our neighbour39。s house had caught fire while they were out. The fire didn39。t spread to our house but the smoke very much did.”；第三段中的“every single thing into which smoke could have permeated”可知鄰居家在外出時(shí)著火了，雖然火沒(méi)有蔓延到作者家，但煙殃及了房子，作者家的房子受到了影響。故選B。 （2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的“every single thing into which smoke could have permeated(滲透)because the particles(微粒) are an ongoing health risk and washing isn39。t enough.”可知每件被煙霧滲透的物品都要專(zhuān)門(mén)清洗或扔掉，因?yàn)槟切┪⒘Ｍ{健康，有的僅清洗是不行的。此句涉及的那些柔軟的東西被認(rèn)為可能是被污染損害的東西，suspected指的就是這些東西。故選A。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“What I didn39。t expect to feel, however, is this lucky.”作者沒(méi)想到的是自己家很幸運(yùn)，下文提到朋友們和鄰居們都提供了幫助，作者從中感受到了他們的善良。由此推知作者原來(lái)認(rèn)為的是人們會(huì)對(duì)別人家的困難很冷漠，故選A。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“We will be seeing in the New Year in a decidedly minimalist fashion.”可知作者家房子受到火災(zāi)影響，物品受損，一切都需要清理，作者認(rèn)為即將到來(lái)的新年肯定是簡(jiǎn)約的。但朋友們和鄰居們提供的幫助，讓作者感受到了他們的善良，對(duì)他們感恩；再根據(jù)最后一段中的“I realised that the answer to the old question of ‘What would you save in a fire? ’ is actually that nothing really matters but each other.”作者感受到擁有彼此才是最重要的。這些說(shuō)明作者是滿足的，故選D。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇故事類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解 A new study shows that air pollution can cause a huge reduction in our intelligence. The study was a project involving researchers at Peking University in China and Yale University in the United States. The researchers reported that longterm exposure to air pollution can affect a person39。s mental abilities in two areas: Language and math. The researchers studied about 25,000 people from across China. Between 2010 and 2014, these Chinese men, women and children were given language and math tests. Then researchers pared the test results with measurements of pollution in the air, namely nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide (二氧化硫). Xi Chen of the Yale School of Public Health led the study. He and his team found that breathing polluted air can reduce a person39。s education level by about one year. Chen said that the effect generally is worse for those over 64 years of age, for men and for those with little or no education. “The older persons—they are more affected. And we find, quite amazingly, males are more affected than females. And people working outdoors are more affected than people working indoors. He noted that the youngest people in the study were 10 years old, while the oldest was 90 years old. They came from China39。s 33 provinces. In his words, the data and facts are convincing and this range of ages and locations across the country provided a real, objective and representative sample. The researchers noted that the effect of air pollution on verbal ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated. The researchers also stressed that every country, whether developed, developing or poor, should focus on air pollution or humans will face a bad situation.（1）What is the result of the study? pollution has a bad effect on people39。s intelligence. are more affected by air pollution than males. are more affected by air pollution than Chinese. working indoors are actually not affected by air pollution.（2）What did Chen say about the study? is doubtful. is extremely unfair. is mon and not representative. is relatively objective and persuasive.（3）What did the researchers emphasize in the last paragraph? data from the 33 provinces is convincing. whole world should pay attention to air pollution. less educated take more responsibility for air pollution. pollution39。s influence on verbal ability is less serious as people age.（4）Where is the text most likely taken from? life diary. guidebook. science magazine. biography.【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，長(zhǎng)期暴露在空氣污染中會(huì)在語(yǔ)言和數(shù)學(xué)兩個(gè)方面影響一個(gè)人的智力，因此每個(gè)國(guó)家都應(yīng)關(guān)注空氣污染否則人類(lèi)將面臨一個(gè)糟糕的局面。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“The researchers reported that longterm exposure to air pollution can affect a person39。s mental abilities in two areas: Language and math.”可知，研究人員報(bào)告說(shuō)，長(zhǎng)期暴露在空氣污染中會(huì)在兩個(gè)方面影響一個(gè)人的智力：語(yǔ)言和數(shù)學(xué)。即研究結(jié)果是空氣污染會(huì)對(duì)人們的智力產(chǎn)生不良影響。故選A。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“In his words, the data and facts are convincing and this range of ages and locations across the country provided a real, objective and representative sample.”可知，用Xi Chen的話說(shuō)，調(diào)查得到的數(shù)據(jù)和事實(shí)令人信服，全國(guó)各地的不同年齡和不同地方的人提供了真實(shí)，客觀和有代表性的研究樣本。即Xi Chen對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究說(shuō)的是“研究結(jié)果是相對(duì)客觀和有說(shuō)服力的?！惫蔬xD。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段“The researchers noted that the effect of air pollution on verbal ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated. The researchers also stressed that every country, whether developed, developing or poor, should focus on air pollution or humans will face a bad situation.”可知，研究人員指出，隨著人們年齡的增長(zhǎng)，空氣污染對(duì)言語(yǔ)能力的影響更加嚴(yán)重，尤其是在男性和文化程度較低的人群中。研究人員還強(qiáng)調(diào)，每個(gè)國(guó)家，無(wú)論是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，發(fā)展中國(guó)家還是貧窮國(guó)家，都應(yīng)關(guān)注空氣污染否則人類(lèi)將面臨一個(gè)糟糕的局面。因此在最后一段中研究人員強(qiáng)調(diào)了全世界應(yīng)該注意空氣污染。故選B。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段“A new study shows that air pollution can cause a huge reduction in our intelligence. The study was a project involving researchers at Peking University in China and Yale University in the United States.”可知，本文的話題是研究表明空氣污染會(huì)大大降低人們的智力。該研究是一個(gè)由中國(guó)北京大學(xué)和美國(guó)耶魯大學(xué)的研究人員參與的項(xiàng)目。因此可以推斷出文章可能來(lái)自于科學(xué)雜志。故選C。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解 A bite from a tsetse fly (采采蠅) is an extremely unpleasant experience. It is not like a mosquito, which can put its thin mouthpart directly into your blood, often without you noticing. In contrast, the tsetse fly39。s mouth has tiny saws on it that saw into your skin on its way to suck out your blood. To make matters worse, several species of tsetse fly can transmit diseases. One of the most dangerous is a parasite that causes ＂sleeping sickness＂, or ＂human African trypanosomiasis＂to give it its official name. Without treatment, an infection is usually fatal. Like so many tropical diseases, sleeping sickness has often been neglected by medical researchers. However, researchers have long endeavored to understand how it avoids our bodies39。 defence mechanisms. Some of their insights could now help us eliminate sleeping sickness altogether. There are two closelyrelated singlecelled parasites that cause this deathly sleep: Trypanoso