【正文】 e is plain in taste in the first place, so it39。s not the most popular dish in the seafood chain. Nonetheless this type of sea creature has a pretty creative smellrelated defense that is almost the opposite of its smelly panions on this list. The sea hare gives out a slimy, purple ink, the substance which makes food less palatable to predators. Researchers using lobsters (2f) as model predators found that the sea blocks the lobsters receptive mechanism. In other words, the sea hare gives its attacker the equivalent of a stuffy nose so they don39。t know how appealing it is.（1）The sea hare defends itself from predators by ________. A.being plain in taste at the discovery of a predatorB.giving out purple ink to make itself invisible to predatorsC.releasing substance to make predators unable to smell itD.giving off smelly gas to try to drive predators away（2）Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A.The vulture carries bacteria so that predators dare not get close to it.B.The opossum fakes its death to avoid being targeted by predators.C.The hoatzin eats cow shit so that it is nicknamed as stink bird.D.The gas released by millipede was basically harmless.（3）The species that enjoys more than one defense mechanism is ________. A.vultureB.opossumC.millipedeD.sea hare【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一些野生動物是如何進行自身防御的。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Sea Hare (海兔)部分中的“The sea hare gives out a slimy, purple ink, the substance which makes food less palatable to predators.”可知，海兔身上散發(fā)出黏糊糊的紫色墨水，這種物質(zhì)使得捕食者對食物不那么感興趣，從而保護自己免受捕食者的傷害。故選C。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Opossum (負鼠)部分中的“In order to bee ‘dead’, they don39。t have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just lie there with their tongues hanging out with the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere.”可知，負鼠假裝死亡，讓捕食者在其他地方找到更新鮮的食物，以避免成為捕食者的目標。故選B。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)Millipedes (千足蟲)部分中的“Their major defense is to curl up into a ball. They, though, also release a harm eyes, and leave a horrible smell on their attackers.”可知，千足蟲主要防守是蜷成一團。然而，它們也會釋放出有害 的眼睛，并在攻擊者身上留下可怕的氣味。從而可以推斷出，千足蟲是擁有多種防御機制的物種。故選C。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．犇犇閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。 While every dog owner knows their dogs can read their moods perfectly, scientists have always been a little doubtful. Now thanks to some researchers at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna, Austria, we finally have some convincing evidence. For their study, biologist Corson Miller and his team exposes eleven selected dogs to digital images of women that were either angry or happy. Half the dogs were rewarded for touching the screen when shown a happy face, while the other half got their treat for selecting those that appeared angry. Interestingly, the dogs were not provided with the entire face. Some dogs were shown only upper halves while the others observed lower halves. That39。s because the scientists believe humans show their emotions on their entire face. After some training like how to recognize small differences like the wrinkles between the eyes or the changes in their shape that acpany the happy or angry expressions, the dogs were mostly able to identify the correct expression not only on a familiar face but on a strange face. The researchers concluded the dogs were smart enough to read human emotions. They also found those being trained to read angry expressions took a longer time to learn. They guess it may be because dogs find angry faces disgusting, causing them to withdraw quickly. However, once the smart dogs realized they were getting rewarded, the trepidation seemed to disappear. In fact, the dogs had such a good time playing the puter game That scientists had a hard time keeping them away from the touch screens after the study was pleted. The researchers also noticed only dogs with a male owner had a harder time understanding the expressions correctly. Since the touchscreen models were all females, this confirmed what has been observed in previous studies dogs are more efficient at reading facial expressions of people that are the same gender as their owner.（1）How did the scientists conduct the experiment? leaving dogs to women who are either happy or angry. mixing the selected dogs together. rewarding only half of the dogs touching the screen showing digital pictures of women39。s happy or angry faces.（2）The underlined word trepidation in Paragraph 5 probably means ________. and hesitation and eagerness and happiness and sadness（3）According to the last paragraph, dogs with female owners ________. fond of the male faces uninterested in telling the emotions on the entire faces difficulty telling the moods on the faces of males only recognize emotions of females（4）What is the best title for this passage? Changes Influence Dogs Identify the Moods and Their Owners39。s Mood Research【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，最新的實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)，即狗能夠識別人的面部表情的變化。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的For their study biologist Corson Miller and his team exposed eleven selected dogs to digital images of women that were either angry or happy.可知，實驗人員通過屏幕向這些狗展示了一組女性面部表情的照片，這些表情中既有快樂的，也有憤怒的。故選D。 （2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第五段中的They guess it may be because dogs find angry faces disgusting, causing them to withdraw quickly以及However可知，與前面意思相反，以及劃線詞后的disappear可知once the smart dogs realized they were getting rewarded, the trepidation seemed to disappear.…此句為，狗看到生氣的表情后會感到厭惡，并由此退縮，但是一旦聰明的狗意識到會有獎勵之后，它們的恐懼以及退縮就會消失。由此可判斷出A符合題意，故選A。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的......this confirmed what had been observed in previous studies―dogs are mor