【正文】 possible impact of climate change in the Antarctic. Earlier this month, a report revealed that melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are speeding up the already fast pace of the sea level rise. The research, published by the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine, said, At the current rate, the world39。s ocean will be, on average, at least 60cm higher by the end of the century. However, it found that the process is accelerating, and more than three quarters of the acceleration since 1993 is due to melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, the study shows.（1）Why are the scientists eager to go to the iceberg? A.To study how the iceberg was formed.B.To study a newly discovered ecosystem.C.To explore a new way to prevent climate change.D.To explore the geography of the Larsen C ice shelf.（2）What do the underlined words this one in the fourth paragraph refer to? A.The Larsen C ice shelf.B.Climate change in Antarctica.C.The A68 iceberg with the ecosystem beneath it.D.The condition of animal species in Antarctica.（3）What can we learn about the A68 iceberg from the text? A.It is as big as London.B.It is part of an ice shelf in the Arctic.C.It will disappear in a very short time.D.It has uncovered an unknown ecosystem in Antarctica.（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.There is no need to worry about climate change in Antarctica.B.The ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are melting at a steady rate.C.Many creatures living in deep water will die out due to climate change.D.By 2100, the sea level will have risen to a much higher level than now.【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）D（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，南極地區(qū)的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68 iceberg。冰山下面顯現(xiàn)的新的海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為科學(xué)家提供了研究未知的海洋生物的機(jī)會。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Now scientists say it is a race against time to explore these new ecosystems before they are transformed to the light.”可知，科學(xué)家著急趕去世界最大的冰山是為了在其受到光照影響之前研究這座冰山下面的海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選B。 （2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“The calving of A68 provides us with a unique opportunity to study marine life...”可知A68冰山的形成為科學(xué)家提供了研究海洋生物的獨一無二的機(jī)會，所以Professor David Vaughan認(rèn)為科學(xué)家要果敢地抓住這次機(jī)會，故this one指的是A68冰山和它下面的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“to reach a newly revealed ecosystem that had been hidden for 120,000 years below the Larsen C ice shelf.”到達(dá)一個新發(fā)現(xiàn)的在拉森冰架下面隱藏了12萬年的的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，可知選D。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“…At the current rate, the world39。s oceans will be, on average, at least 60cm higher by the end of the century.”按目前的速度，世界的海洋到本世紀(jì)末平均至少升高60厘米，選D。 【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)境類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。3．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. While faking and fierce looks are among animals great defenses, many species know that everyone runs from a big stink (臭氣) too. Vulture (禿鴛) Vultures, are street sweepers that feast on the rotting flesh of dead animals, which benefits us by ridding our highways and landscapes of animal bodies and the bacteria they might carry. When vultures feel threatened they vomit, and the smell of vomitedon dead bodies puts of most predators. Throwing up allows the vulture to fly away more quicklyand the vomit can hurt the aggressor39。s eyes and face. Opossum (負(fù)鼠) In some ways opossums have it easy. In order to bee dead, they don39。t have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just lie there with their tongues hanging out with the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere. Even if they keep getting attacked, they won39。t move any more than a human statue until the threat has passed. Hoatzin (磨雉) Hold your nose and meet the hoatzin, a bird of distinctions, not the least of which is that it smells like fresh cow shit. The animal mostly eats leaves and it39。s the only bird known to digest by fermentation, like a cow. This process is what causes its smell and has earned it the nickname the stink bird Millipedes (千足蟲) Millipedes are tricky. For starters they look wormy. Their name is deceptive, too: Their legs number about 750. Their major defense is to curl up into a ball. They, though, also release a harm eyes, and leave a horrible smell on their attackers. Sea Hare (海兔) The graceful sea hare is plain in taste in the first place, so it39。s not the most popular dish in the seafood chain. Nonetheless this type of sea creature has a pretty creative smellrelated defense that is almost the opposite of its smelly panions on this list. The sea hare gives out a slimy, purple ink, the substance which makes food less palatable to predators. Researchers using lobsters (2f) as model predators found that the sea blocks the lobsters receptive mechanism. In other words, the sea hare gives its attacker the equivalent of a stuffy nose so they don39。t know how appealing it is.（1）The sea hare defends itself from predators by ________. A.being plain in taste at the discovery of a predatorB.giving out purple ink to make itself invisible to predatorsC.releasing substance to make predators unable to smell itD.giving off smelly gas to try to drive predators away（2）Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A.The vulture carries bacteria so that predators dare not get close to it.B.The opossum fakes its death to avoid being targeted by predators.C.The hoatzin eats cow shit so that it is nicknamed as stink bird.D.The gas released by millipede was basically harmless.（3）The species that enjoys more than one defense mechanism is ________. A.vultureB.opossumC.millipedeD.sea hare【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一些野生動物是如何進(jìn)行自身防御的。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Sea Hare (海兔)部分中的“The sea hare gives out a slimy, purple ink, the substance which makes food less palatable to predators.”可知，海兔身上散發(fā)出黏糊糊的紫色墨水，這種物質(zhì)使得捕食者對食物不那么感興趣，從而保護(hù)自己免受捕食者的傷害。故選C。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Opossum (負(fù)鼠)部分中的“In order to bee ‘dead’, they don39。t have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just lie there with their tongues hanging out with the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effe