【正文】 diets. But: These nationally remended guidelines do actually have a knock173。on effect on other areas of policy making. So if I39。m developing a new healthy173。eating173。for173。schools program then that39。s going to be based off a lot of detail that I get from the nationally remended guidelines. So while it might not necessarily be the case that people follow directly …they actually are quite influential on the preparation of other advice. It seems that a smaller environmental footprint and a healthier lifestyle could go hand in hand.（1）Which of the following statement will Paul Behrens approve of? A.Following a nationally remended diet can have similar impacts in different countries.B.Following a nationally remended diet can do good to our health.C.Not all the countries have remended diets in an explicit manner.D.Some high173。ine nations don39。t mention the diet explicitly for its impacts can be ignored.（2）What do the underlined words takes a big toll on in paragraph 3 probably mean? A.shows signs ofB.has a bad effect onC.takes full advantage ofD.makes up for（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.Food production can lead to about 20 percent of human173。caused greenhouse gas with only a third of the ice173。free land used.B.It is estimated that following dietary guidelines can lead to decrease in more land use than in nutrient pollution.C.Paul Behrens39。 new program concerning healthy eating for schools is likely to be based on national nutrition guidelines.D.Some wealthy countries tend to reduce meat and dairy though the other areas of policy making isn39。t effected much.【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了營養(yǎng)指南對地球也有利。通過膳食指南，似乎可以減輕對環(huán)境的傷害，人類自己也可以過上健康的生活，二者可以兼得。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的 What we found is that impacts vary across nations, but in the high173。impact nations, in general, you can see that, if you follow a nationally remended diet, despite the fact that these diets don39。t mention explicitly—or most of them don39。t explicitly mention—environmental impacts, that you are going to have lower environmental impacts due to that.” 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)（營養(yǎng)膳食指南的）影響因國家而異，但總的來說，在影響力較大的國家，如果你遵循國家推薦的膳食指南，即使這些膳食并未明晰對環(huán)境的影響，或者大多數(shù)膳食沒有明確說明這一點，但是你對環(huán)境的影響會因為遵循指南而減輕。由此推斷出 并非所有國家都以明確的方式推薦飲食 ，這個觀點Paul Behrens會贊成，故選C。 （2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“A third of the ice173。free land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all human173。caused greenhouse gas emissions. Fertilizer runoff also leads to other problems, like the algae blooms in Lake Eerie and the Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico.”地球上三分之一的無冰區(qū)被用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，根據(jù)一些估算，食物生產(chǎn)大約占到了人類造成的溫室氣體排放量的五分之一。肥料徑流也導(dǎo)致了其他問題，例如伊利湖的藻類爆發(fā)以及墨西哥灣的死亡區(qū)域。由此推斷出劃線詞所在的句子意思是我們所吃的食物給環(huán)境帶來了巨大代價。takes a big toll on固定短語，“付出了巨大的代價”，故選B。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“A third of the ice173。free land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all human173。caused greenhouse gas emissions.”地球上三分之一的無冰區(qū)被用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，根據(jù)一些估算，食物生產(chǎn)大約占到了人類造成的溫室氣體排放量的五分之一。由此可知。A選項的描述 糧食生產(chǎn)可導(dǎo)致約20%的人為造成的溫室氣體，而只使用了三分之一的無冰土地 正確，故選A。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生準(zhǔn)確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．犇犇閱讀理解 Kaitlin Woolley and Ayelet Fishbach report in Psychological Science that a meal taken familystyle from a central plate can greatly improve the oute of later negotiations. Having conducted previous research in 2017 revealing that eating similar foods led to people feeling emotionally closer to one another, Dr Woolley and Dr Fishbach wondered whether the way in which food was served also had a psychological effect. They theorized that, on the one hand, sharing food with other people might indicate food scarcity（短缺）and increase a feeling of petition. However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to bee more aware of others39。 needs and drive cooperative behavior as a result. Curious to find out, they did a series of experiments. For the first test they recruited 100 pairs of participants from a local cafe, none of whom knew each other. The participants were seated at a table and fed tortilla chips with salsa. Half the pairs were given their own basket of 20 grams of chips and a bowl of 25 grams of salsa, and half were given 40 grams of chips and 50 grams of salsa to share. As a cover for the experiment, all participants were told this snack was to be consumed before the game began. The game asked the participants to negotiate an hourly wage rate during a fictional strike. Each person was randomly assigned to represent the union or management and follow a set of rules. The researchers measured cooperation by noting the number of rounds it took to reach an agreement, and found that those who shared food resolved the strike significantly faster（in 8. 7rounds）than those who did not（ rounds）. A similar experiment was conducted with 104participants and Goldfish crackers（餅干）, this time negotiating an airline39。s route prices. The results were much the same, with the foodsharers negotiating successfully 63. 3%of the time and those who did not share doing so 42. 9%of the time. （1）What does the familystyle meal in the report refer to？ A.A meal taken at home.B.A meal shared with others.C.A meal consumed by oneself.D.A meal taken in a family atmosphere.（2）For what purpose did the researchers carry out the present experiments? A.To show the way food is served.B.To prove sharing food increases petition.C.To confirm sharing food can promote cooperation.D.To find out whether sharing food can get people close emotionally.（3）Why were participants asked to eat up the snack before the game? A.To add to their energy.B.To reward them for their participation.C.To hide the intention of the experiment.D.To avoid the distraction during the game.【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了外交宴席的心理學(xué)，研究表明，從中間菜采取的“家庭式”餐，可以大大改善后續(xù)談判的結(jié)果。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二