【正文】
paragraph: P1: Ancient numbers– In ancient times, numbers were written in different ways, but counting was nearly always in tens. Synopsis by paragraph: P2: Zero Everyone uses the number system 1 to 9 plus 0. The system was invented by the Indians. Zero makes it easier to write big numbers and to calculate. Synopsis by paragraph: P35: Calculating machines – Descriptions of three calculating machines: the ancient abacus,the modern electronic calculator and the puter. Now try a quiz about numbers. Listen to the instructions on the recording, and circle the right answer. 1 80 49 17 2 26% 2/6 3 $75 75% 75o 4 1/8 33 5 56 65 66 6 90o 90% 1/9 7 2565 3881 2566 2881 2565 2881 8 % 80% 18% 9 $ 5,000 $ 50, 000 $ 50,000,000 10 35o 1 Which one of these is an even number? 2 Which one of these is a fraction? 3 Which one of these is a percentage? 4 Which one of these is a decimal number? 5 Which one of these is an odd number? 6 Which one of these is a number showing degrees? 7 My phone number is 2565 2881. 8 18 per cent of my classmates e to school on foot. 9 This ring costs fifty thousand dollars. 10 The highest temperature today was 30 point 5 degrees. A Imperative sentences When we give orders or instructions to people, we tell them to do or not to do something. We usually start the sentences with a verb. We often make instructions more polite by starting with please. Sometimes we start with the name of the person receiving the instruction. Read the instructions below Be quiet. Please have a seat. David, pay attention. Don’t be afraid. Please do not make a noise. Alan, don’t be late. Read the dialogues and plete them with imperatives and the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1 It’s her birthday next week. Then ______________ her about the surprise party. 2 How can I get to People’s Hospital? ______ along the street and ________left at the lights. 3 We have to finish the work in two hours. Then let’s __________ any time. 4 _____________ so much noise, please. OK. 5 __________ out! There’s a car ing. Thanks. don’t tell Go turn not waste Don’t make Look Add 3 and 9. Subtract 3 from 9. Multiply 3 by 9. Divide 9 by 3. B Instructions and statements about numbers Table I 3 plus 9 equals/ is 12. 9 minus 3 equals/ is 6. 3 multiplied by 9 equals/is 27. 9 divided by 3 equals/ is 3. B Instructions and statements about numbers Table II Work in pairs to work out the problems. S1 tells S2 to do the following sums. S2 listens and replies. Then check your answers together. 1 Add 11 and 1. 2 Subtract 5 from 13. 3 Multiply 7 by 8. 4 Divide 16 by 4. 5 Add 9 and 6. 6 Add 14 and 4 and divide the answer by 2. 7 Subtract 9 from 19 and multiply the