【正文】 器與電子設(shè)備[M],北京：人民交通出版社，1998.[10][D].成都:西南石油學(xué)院,2004.[11]夏漢川,吳偉民,[J].現(xiàn)代計算機(jī),2005,203(1):6367.[12]龍光利,李白萍,[J].陜西理工學(xué)院學(xué)報,2011,27(3):1215.[13][D].武漢:武漢理工大學(xué),2009.[14][J].現(xiàn)代電子技術(shù),2006,29(12):6568. [15][J].應(yīng)用能源技術(shù),2010,149(5):5354.附錄A 英文文獻(xiàn)原文SemiAutomatic Car AntiTheft Design usingATMega168 Microcontroller Amevi Acakpovi Accra Polytechnic (Ghana) Box: GP561QuistAphetsi KesterGhana Technology UniversityCollege (Ghana)PMB 100 TesanoKoudjo Mawuefam KoumadiUniversity of GhanaP. o. Box: LG 25.ABSTRACTThe design and manufacture of antitheft systems have bee more and more plex due to the rise in plexity of theft in the system. Most of the antitheft systems available on market, are the alarm types that audibly deter some thieves away but do not prevent one’s car from being stolen and also may not be good enough to meet the growing plexity of theft in the country. This paper presents a simpler and a more efficient car antitheft system that provides users with improved security by the use of efficient access mechanisms and immobilization systems. Access mechanisms were put in place to request authorization from the user and a hidden button which gives permission to start the car when it is pressed. Immobilizers where put in place to disable car in case it is stolen. The system was based on the ATMega168 microcontroller programming which involve the use electronic ponents such as limit switches, LEDs and transistors. The programming concept follows the graph theory well known as state machine implementation in Microprocessing and the language adopted was the C programming language.General TermsAutomation, Microprocessor/Microcontroller programming, intelligent wireless sensor programming.Keywordsmicrocontroller, car anti theft, security, electronic circuits, state machine.1. INTRODUCTIONAntiTheft systems have been in existence since individuals began stealing other people39。s property and have evolved in order to stop increasingly plex methods of theft [1]. The first antitheft devices to be built were all mechanical devices and were generally locks of various kinds. These have evolved over the years and are still in fashion today. These include steering wheel locks, tire locks, hood locks, gear shift locks, ignition/steering wheel column locks, to mention a few. However, in recent years, crime has bee more sophisticated leading to the invention of electronic based car antitheft systems. They can be divided into three main groups: car alarms, vehicle tracking systems and mmobilizers. In this paper we put forward an efficient car antitheft system with improved features to reduce carjacking or automobile from being stolen.2. PREVIOUS WORKSVarious types of car alarm system have been in existence for long. A car alarm system is an electronic device or circuit built to alert car owner in case someone attempts to steal the cars. There are many forms of car protection system including vehicle tracking system, car immobilizers and others. Also the notification system varies as technology grows. Commonly encountered car alarm system operation does involve a hidden switch used to activate the alarm system. Automatically the car is off and the hidden switch put in the ON position, the user is given 15 to 30s to get out of the car and close all the doors. After returning and opening the door, a buzzer will sound and the user will be given some 10s to move the switch back to Off position. Failure to do so will make a siren to sound. In other cases, when the alarm system is activated the siren sound as anything es in contact with the car. In addition to the notification by siren, some recent car alarm systems GSM modems to send SMS or call the user in case of a theft [1][3]. Also vehicle tracking system has been adopted to further locate the car even if it is stolen despite all this protective measures. Another effective car antitheft system is known as car immobilizer. A car immobilizer is any device which when installed in a car would prevent the car from starting without the authorization of the owner [4][5]. It is one of the best ways to prevent thieves from stealing a car even if they gain access to it. In 1993, 144,057 cars were reported to be stolen in Germany. This number was reduced to 57,402 in 2002 after car immobilizers were made pulsory for all new cars in 1998 [6].3. METHODThis section of the paper describes the steps and procedure involved in the design and construction of a semi automatic car antitheft system. To start with, a state machine was used to explain the main concept of the design. This was followed by the implementation of the state machine in the C programming language using the AVRStudio. The program was piled and loaded into the microprocessor with adequate circuitry that enabled the physical implementation. Logical System ImplementationThe car antitheft system will work in four different states namely Idle, Waiting, Alarm and finally Active. To these states, correspond respectively, the digital values 00, 01, 10 and 11. Figure 1 illustrates the state the system will stay in the idle state (00) and in this state the microcontroller will be in the power saving mode until the user opens the car door. Upon opening the door, the system exits the power saving mode and goes into the waiting state (01). A timer is initiated to give a time limit within which an authorization must be received. Authorization may e in the form of a PIN code being entered, a hidden button being pressed or a phone call being placed. If no authorizationis received during the stipulated time, the system changes automatically to the alarm state (10) where the system will activate a siren and call the phone number of the vehicle owner. Also, to prevent the alarm from running down the car International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 63– , February 2013 battery, the system will return to the waiting state (01) after sometime. On th