經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理第三版習(xí)題答案(已改無錯字)
2023-07-08 21:24:29 本頁面
【正文】 enue for producers, which is P1 x Q1, which equals area B+C+D+E+F, and government revenue is zero. The imposition of a tax places a wedge between the price buyers pay, PB, and the price sellers receive, PS, where PB = PS + tax. The quantity sold declines to Q2. Now total spending by consumers is PB x Q2, which equals area A+B+C+D, total revenue for producers is PS x Q2, which is area C+D, and government tax revenue is Q2 x tax, which is area A+B.b. Unless supply is perfectly elastic, the price received by producers falls because of the tax. Total receipts for producers fall, since producers lose revenue equal to area B+E+F. Figure 6c. The price paid by consumers rises, unless demand is perfectly elastic. Whether total spending by consumers rises or falls depends on the price elasticity of demand. If demand is elastic, the percentage decline in quantity exceeds the percentage increase in price, so total spending declines. If demand is inelastic, the percentage decline in quantity is less than the percentage increase in price, so total spending rises. Whether total consumer spending falls or rises, consumer surplus declines because of the increase in price and reduction in quantity.9. Since the tax on gadgets was eliminated, all tax revenue must e from the tax on widgets. The tax revenue from the tax on widgets equals the tax per unit times the quantity produced. Assuming that neither the supply nor the demand curves for widgets are perfectly elastic or inelastic and since the increased tax causes a smaller quantity of widgets to be produced, then it is impossible for tax revenue to doublemultiplying the tax per unit (which doubles) times the quantity (which declines) gives a number that is less than double the original tax revenue from widgets. So the government39。s tax change will yield less money than before.10. a. Figure 7 illustrates the effects of the tax increase on the new car market in New Jersey. The quantity of cars sold declines from Q1 to Q2, the price paid by consumers rises from PB1 to PB2, and the price received by producers declines from PS1 to PS2, where PB1 = PS1 + $100 and PB2 = PS2 + $150.Figure 7b. The following table shows the welfare impact of the change in the tax.OLDNEWCHANGEConsumer SurplusA+B+CA–(B+C)Producer SurplusF+G+HH–(F+G)Government RevenueD+EB+D+F+(B+F)–ETotal SurplusA+B+C+D+E+F+G+HA+B+D+F+H–(C+E+G)c. The change in government revenue is B + F – E, which could be positive or negative.d. The change in deadweight loss is positive, as it increases by C+E+G, meaning that the economy as a whole is worse off.e. The demand for cars in New Jersey is probably fairly elastic, since people could travel to nearby states to buy cars. With elastic demand, area B in the figure will be very small, so the additional tax is less likely to increase governm
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