【正文】 nding of the world. It was a movement of experiments in techniques in writing. It flourished in the 20s and 30s in English turned their interest to describing what was happening in the minds of their characters. Because of their emphasis on the psychological activities of the characters, their writings are also called psychological novels. The Representatives are . Yeats and . Eliot,. Lawrence, . Foster, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf. [36] Metaphysical Poetry: The poetry of John Donne and other seventeenthcentury poets who wrote in a similar style. Metaphysical poetry is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborates imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas. [37] Humanism: it refers to the main literary trend and is the keynote of English Renaissance. Humanists took interest in human life and human activities and gave expression to the new feeling of admiration for human beauty, human achievement. They think that man has a potential for culture which distinguishes him from lower orders of beings, and which he should strive constantly to fulfill. [38] Mystery play: The Mystery plays of the Middle Ages were based on the bible and were particularly concerned with the stories of man’s creation, Fall and Redemption. They antedate Miracle Plays developed out of the Liturgy of the church and in particular out of the Quem Quaeritis trope of Easter Day. The earlier dramatizations were presented on the greater festivals of the church: Christmas, Easter, Pentecost and Corpus Christi. At first they were in Latin and performed by the clergy in the church. There then came an increasing admixture of the vernacular, and lay folk also performed in them. This gradual secularization of the religions drama was acpanied by a corresponding physical move. The drama moved out of the church through the west door. Thus, what had been sacred drama became, literally, profane. From the church yard to the market place was the next logical step. [39] Iambic Pentameter: A poetic line consisting of five verse feet, which each foot an iamb__ that is, an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one. Iambic pentameter is the most mon verse line in English poetry. [40] Lyric: A poem, brief and discontinuous, emphasizes sound and pictorial imagery rather than narrative or dramatic movement. [41] Miracle Play: A popular religious drama of medieval England. Miracle plays were based on stories of the saints or on sacred history. [42] Morality Play: A form of religious allegorical drama dates from 15th century. Moralities differed from mystery plays in that whereas the latter dramatized known episodes from the Bible or from the lives of the saints, the former dramatized the life of man by personifying the forces of good and evil, such as the seven deadly sins and the corresponding virtues or some representative crisis in his life such as his encounter with the fact of death. [43] Neoclassicism: it is a revival in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries of classical standards of order, balance and harmony in literature. John Dryden was the first person who started the movement at the end of the 17th century, while Alexander Pope brought it to its culmination. [44] Ode: It is a long, stately lyric poem in stanzas of varied metrical pattern, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject. Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honor a person or a season or memorate an event. Two famous odes are Percy Bysshe Shelley’s “Ode to the West wind” and John Keats’s Ode on a Grecian Urn.” [45] Comedy of manners: Its concern is to bring the moral and social behavior of its characters to the test of ic laughter. The male hero lives not for military glory but for pleasure and the conquests that he can achieve in his amorous campaigns. The object of his very practical game of sexual intrigue is a beautiful, witty, pleasure loving, and emancipated lady, every bit his equal in the strategies of love. The two are distinguished not for virtue but for the true wit and wellbred grace with which they conduct the often plicated intrigue that makes up the plot. [46] The Augustan Poets: A special feature of eighteenthcentury poetic language is its emphasis on visualizing or personifying. Critics of the time all argued that poets showed their genius best by imagining or seeing what they wrote about (not by facility with words or forms or abstract ideas)。 and readers were skilled at making pictures from very small hints. [47] Assonance: Repetition of middle vowel sounds: fight, hive。 pane, make. Assonance, most effective on stressed syllables, is often found within a line of poetry。 less frequently it substitutes for end rhyme. [48] Consonance: Repetition of inner or end consonant sounds, as, for example, the r and s sounds from Gerard Manley Hopkins39。s God39。s Grandeur: broods with warm breast. (2) In a broader sense, a generally pleasing bination of sounds or ideas。 things that sound well together. [49] Foot: The metrical unit。 in English, an accented syllable with acpanying light syllable or syllables. [50] Genre: A term often applied loosely to the larger forms of literary convention, roughly analogous to species in biology. The Greeks spoke of three main genres of poetrylyric, epic, and drama. Within each major genre, there are subgenres. In written forms dominated by prose, for example, there is a broad distinction between works of fiction (., the no