【正文】 to a 24V DC motor (see Figure 7 for the drive circuit of the three operations). A 24V DC onepole relay was used. The circuit could be manually controlled and could also use a PIC microcontroller to operate relay coil for executing a suitable instruction to the DC motor. The experiment procedure is: 216。Connect the board section (see Figure 8) to the three external power supplies onboard the microcontroller. 216。Connect the other details to the microcontroller’s output pinnae. 216。Write a program for the three experiment parts and set the program on a PIC chip (any serial, ., 16F667, 16F84A, etc.) and arrange for port A of the microcontroller to be the output. 216。Feed the emergency inputs sensed by photoelectric sensor。 manual feeding is possible as the circuit by power ON of the voltage source and examine the instruction to the DC motor. 216。The output must be present as the motor shift rotating and the corresponding LED lighting up showing the direction of rotation. Intelligent Traffic Light: Optimal waiting time for traffic lights to change will reduce carbon monoxide emission, also save motorists’time and reduce frustration. Other advantages are no interference between the sensor rays and no redundant signal triggering. Ability to interface with software allows this sensorbased traffic system to easily accept feedback (the software and the hardware can municate). Table 1 lists the operation sequences. The experiment procedure is: Connect the section of the board (see Figure 9) to output ports A and B of the microcontroller board. 216。Write a program for the three parts of the experiment and set the program on the PIC chip (PIC 16F667) and arrange the output to be at ports A and B of the microcontroller. Turn ON the power of the main board and then of the microcontroller board. 216。Record the lighting time and sequence and pare with the program. 216。Investigate the effect of using photoelectric sensor signal。 can it show what happens at a street intersection? 5. Conclusions Results from practical implementation of all the experiments and simulation results from programming the PIC microcontroller board show the trainer to be very useful and necessary to many design plans. Its higher performance, lower cost, higher accuracy, and better speed response are all as pared with many types of classical trainers for electronic and control systems. Its facilities will shorten the time taken for many design procedures (where applicable), simulations, and experiments。 each can also be an individual system. The design enables instant initial results and modification of experiment steps such as setting the initial condition and updating some of the parameters, so the trainer’s accuracy and performance are increased. The trainer allows practical simulations of many real systems. Capable of a wide range of experiments, it is very suitable for use in higher education laboratories. New experiments can be included by adding new circuits to the board and rearranging the connections. 6. Acknowledgements Al Anbar University supported the project through manufacturing laboratory instruments funding. Al Sofa office provided help with consulting notes for the microcontroller’s practical application. Figure 7. The drive circuit in the PIC controller experiment with the DC motor.Figure 8. The DC motor section of the experiment. Table 1. Operation sequences of the intelligent traffic light. Figure 9. Traffic light experiment schematic.基于PIC單片機的電子控制實驗箱的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)伊拉克，巴格達大學，安巴爾省，工程學院，電氣工程系郵箱：yousif_phd@收到2012年4月26日；2012年5月23日修訂；2012年5月30日接受摘要 本文介紹了基于PIC單片機的常規(guī)實驗室型電子控制實驗箱的實現(xiàn)。這項工作包括PIC的軟件和硬件。PIC控制器使用一個基于PIC芯片的PC接口編程的EasyPIC6 電路板。它由以下外部模塊組成：12864圖形液晶顯示屏，216液晶顯示屏，44鍵盤，和端口擴展器。本實驗是邏輯/模擬電子和控制系統(tǒng)的36個實驗之一。這次實驗用到的器材有一個5邊近似傳感器，兩個光電傳感器（BR56DDTP and BEN9MTFR），四個CMOS，四個被CD4511B驅(qū)動的7段顯示屏，兩個繼電器（二極和三極），六伏電壓，電流表測量，直流電動機，和24VDC電源，通過連接器和小齒輪連接。所有實驗結(jié)果表明實驗箱滿足涉及傳統(tǒng)的電子和經(jīng)典控制系統(tǒng)的本科和研究生專業(yè)學科的要求。關(guān)鍵詞：PIC單片機；光電傳感器；常規(guī)電子實驗箱 介紹 現(xiàn)在每個單片機芯片可以存儲成百上千晶體管。世界上第一個微處理器的外圍設(shè)備有存儲器，輸入輸出線和定時器（Matic公司，2003年）。隨著時間的推移，出現(xiàn)了一個新的設(shè)備，稱為集成電路（IC），其包含了處理器和外圍設(shè)備。也被稱為單片機，這是微機的第一個芯片[1,2]。 外設(shè)接口控制器（PIC）是新的電子控制器。在一個單芯片上提供完整的控制、PIC單片機的特殊功能寄存器、上電復位、中斷、用于存儲程序數(shù)據(jù)的用戶RAM、程序存儲器EPROM、定時器電路、指令集、功耗低、電路板上的AD轉(zhuǎn)換。它取代了工業(yè)機械中的傳統(tǒng)控制（如電機速度控制）[2,3]。 單片機和微處理器在許多方面都不同。在功能方面,一個微處理器需要外部組件接收/發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)和記憶。 單片機不需要外部組件，因為所有必要的外圍設(shè)備是內(nèi)置的，節(jié)省了時間和空間（單片機集[4 7]參見圖1）。 MikroElektronika的EasyPIC6(見圖2) ，是一個非常不錯的單片機編程和實驗的工具。它支持PIC10，PIC12，PIC16和PIC18系列等超過160種的