【正文】 l point of view. () gulp v. to choke back by or as if by swallowing Here the author is choked as if the following words are difficult to utter. 16. feel guilty just for being alive () feel guilty only because they are alive； feel guilty for nothing 17. the trick isn?t to bee flaccidly nonjudgmental () The important thing we should do is not to be afraid of making judgment. 18． ...nothing else but trouble arising in our mind from our consciousness of having done contrary to what we are verily persuaded was our Duty. () ... simply the disfort appearing in our inner heart when we have done something that is not right according our responsibility 19. We are also particularly vulnerable to feelings of duty in a time of change. Today an older and ingrained sense of what we should do may conflict with a new one. In the gaps that open between what we once were taught and what we now believe grows a rich crop of guilt. () In such a changeable world, our sense of duty is very likely to change our feeling. Now old concept may conflict with the new one on what we should do. There is great difference between our belief and the education we got, and that difference results in the sense of guilt. 在這個(gè)瞬息萬變的時(shí)代我們固有的責(zé)任感格 外容易被推翻。什么該做什么不該做，今天一個(gè)新觀念就可能和根深蒂固的老觀念相沖突。過去所受的教育和今天的認(rèn)識(shí)之間有很大差距，由此也生出各種內(nèi)疚感。 .20) If guilt represents the contradiction of our standard of behaviors, it is a good thing full of strength and humanness. 如果說責(zé)任感是我們接受什么該做、什么不該做之間的斗爭，這個(gè)斗爭是強(qiáng)大的、充滿人性的斗爭。 21. This worst emotion, in a sense, helps bring out the best in us. The desire to avoid feeling guilty makes us avoid the worst sort of behavior.() In some not do bad things. 從某個(gè)角度講，這種最糟糕的情感烘托出人類最美好的一面。為避免內(nèi)疚于心，我們便不去做壞事。 22. In that sense guilt is the great civilizer, the internal mandment that helps us choose to be kind to each other rather than to join in a stampede of ting ourselves in the first place urgently. 這樣說來，內(nèi)疚感對(duì)促進(jìn)人類文明有巨大作用，它是人類內(nèi)心的戒律，幫助我們與人為善而非一股腦地你爭我搶。 23. a tremendous surge of young people overpowered the adults in the sixties () the effect of a drastic boom of young people overcame the values of adults in 1960s 24． the barbarians took Rome () the savage people took the control eople thought were less civilized than them, so this idiom is often used in literature to refer to a shame or degradation of civilization. 25． We may resolve one by changing our view of it and another by changing our behavior. () To solve the problem of guilt, we can either change our definition of it so that we may feel better, or change what we will do to avoid sense of guilt. 26． live with myself () to be fortable with my conscience。 to be unashamed 27． Striving to follow their lead is like accepting a catatonic as your role model. () To remain guiltless are not proper to the same degree. 28. Guilt is one of the most human of dilemmas. () the most human ofHere the phrase altogether functions as an adjective. 29. It is the claim of others on the self. () It means to satisfy others?needs at the cost of one?s own interest. 這意味著舍己為人。 Ⅲ . Key to the exercises 1. Reading prehension (1) They think guilt is a bad thing for one?s psychology, and if you want to live with true liberation, you should get rid of the sense of guilt and try to believe everything and everybody is OK, no matter what you have done. (2) Under this kind of conception, people try to ignore the sense of guilt without finding out its real meaning in life. And say everything is ok because in deeper conscience, people will still feel uneasy if sense of guilt is not dealt with properly. (3) Because Lady Macbeth was driven mad by her sense of guilt after she conspired to kill King Duncan, so she was used here to portray the “horrible, (5) These two friends both felt guilty for neglecting their mothers, but as to the real fact of the neglecting, one just didn?t call home everyday。 while the other hadn?t chatted with her mother since Christmas. This best illustrates that people may have “wildly different” sense of duty and guilt. / Some people can go through their lives without a moment of guilt, while the other group of people may feel guilty just for being alive. (6) A sense of guilt, as well as a sense of duty, can urge us to do the right thing when we may not feel like doing it. In that way, a sense of guilt is the great civilizer of our basic conscience and the maintainer of our behavior. (7) Because the young people in the sixties in America, also known as the baby boomers and the Beat Generation, were the generation born after the World War Ⅱ , who were very rebellious to the old traditional moral system by calling for living at their own will and who outnumbered their father generation, so there was a declination in traditional morality (“the barbarians took Rome”) in that period of time. But in the 1980s, when the article was written, the number of adults grew bigger, and they were trying to restore some old mores. That?s the exact reason why “guilt is ing back.” (8) You can either change the opinion of a perfect image so that you?ll feel less guilty when failing to achieve something, or to change the behavior in a way that is more accordant to your right conscience. 2. Vocabulary (1) assortment(2) narcissistic(3) obsessively(4) slaying (5) legion(6) instilled(7) ingrained(8) hustled (9) stampede(10) qualms 3. Paraphrase (1) But then it came to my mind that people have given up guilt for too long a time. During that period of time of about ten years or more, those wele psychologists solved people?s mental problems by writing books instead of giving clinical treatment. And they are trying to advocate the concept that nobody should feel guilty for anything. (2) In the past, it was monly thought that to love himself, everyone should first give up his guilt. For the most part of the past ten years, people deliberately ignored the sense of guilt without