【正文】 的鋅 )以及有機態(tài)鋅。土壤中的鋅來自各種成土礦物。風化的鋅以 Zn2+形態(tài)進入土壤溶液中 ,也可能成為一價絡離子 Zn(OH)+、 ZnCl+、 Zn(NO3)+等，有時則形成氫氧化物、碳酸鹽、磷酸鹽、硫酸鹽和硫化物沉淀。鋅離子和含鋅絡離子參與土壤中的代換反應，常有吸附固定現(xiàn)象。鋅在土壤中的富集，必然導致在植物體內的富集，這種富集不僅對植物，而且對食用這種植物的人和 動物都有危害。 用含鋅污水灌溉農田對農作物特別是對小麥生長的影響較大，會造成小麥出苗不齊，分蘗少 ,植株矮小 ,葉片發(fā)生萎黃。對植物起作用的鋅主要是代換態(tài)鋅。過量的鋅還會使土壤酶失去活性，細菌數(shù)目減少，土壤中的微生物作用減弱。 圖片： 以上大多是人為造成的污染，只有通過人類自身行為改變這一狀況，首先，從思 20 想上重視了解重金屬對人類及環(huán)境造成的危害，提高環(huán)境保護意識，只有保護好生存環(huán)境，才能保護人類自己；從行為上，要從個人做起，配合國家法律、法規(guī)的環(huán)境保護的規(guī)定，企業(yè)要加強管理，并且做好監(jiān)督管理機制，使措施落到實處，不能只以人為本，還要考慮動植物及環(huán)境所能承受的壓力，這樣，人類才有立足之地?？傊灰员Ｗo 環(huán)境為出發(fā)點，重金屬污染問題就能降到最低點 防與治都是難題 中國環(huán)境科學研究院土壤污染與控制研究室李發(fā)生介紹，隨著中國社會經濟的飛速發(fā)展和人口的不斷增加，中國土壤污染總體上呈加劇趨勢。由于土壤污染延時性的特點，如果不對土壤進行修復，土壤重金屬會不斷累積，現(xiàn)在沒有出現(xiàn)的問題將來也會慢慢出現(xiàn)。近年來，中國也在進行污染土壤修復的科技攻關，并初步取得一些進展。例如，陳同斌用蜈蚣草來修復被重金屬污染的農地，這種草吸收土壤中砷的能力相當于普通植物的 20 萬倍，通過蜈蚣草的吸附、收割，三至五年內，這片土地就可以 “ 恢復健康 ” ，但這種修復耗時較長，難以和污染的速度相抗衡。曾希柏采用了另一種微生物的修復方法，但他說這類的修復辦法成本太高。此外，修復資金也是一大問題。 “ 污染土壤的修復治理需要全面考慮受污染土壤及地下水的治理，資金需求巨大。但目前，我國污染土壤修復治理資金缺乏有效保障。 ” 李發(fā)生介紹，當前中國污染土壤調查評估與治理修復工作的資金一般來自政府相關部門和土地開發(fā)商，資金來源有限且沒有保障，修復治理工作難以開展，資金問題成為很多污染地塊再開發(fā)的主要障礙。 由于土壤污染形勢嚴峻，立法制定一個專門針對土壤的法律顯得很迫 切。目前，中國已有 50余部關于環(huán)境污染的法規(guī)，但是缺乏土壤環(huán)境保護與污染控制的專項法律 法規(guī)。 當前，世界各國很重視對重金屬污染治理方法研究，并開展廣泛的研究工作。根據(jù)處理方式，處理后土壤位置是否改變，污染土壤治理技術可分為 :原位(Insitu)治理和異位 (Exsitu)治理。異位治理環(huán)境風險較低，見效快且系統(tǒng)處理預測性較高，但成本高、對環(huán)境擾動大。相對來說，原位治理則更為經濟實用，操作簡單。根據(jù)治理工藝及原理的不同，污染土壤治理技術可分為：工程治理措施和物理化學修復兩大類。工程治理措施主要包括：客土、換土、 去表土和深耕翻土等措施；物理化學修復主要包括：固化 /穩(wěn)定化、電動修復、絡合淋洗、蒸汽浸提、氧化還原、農業(yè)修復、生物修復等 。 農業(yè)專家建議，遏制土壤重金屬污染應推廣土壤修復治理技術，政府相關部門要加強對于工業(yè)廢水、廢氣、礦業(yè)固體廢棄物等綜合治理和利用，積極發(fā)展高效、低毒、低殘留的農藥，增施有機肥，改變耕作制度；對于過度開發(fā)的土壤應停耕或種植豆類植物，并全年禁用化學農藥，讓土壤全面修復。 21 參考文獻 【 1】奚旦立 孫裕生 主編 北京：高等教育 出版社， 2021 【 2】 張輝 編著 土壤環(huán)境學 北京： 化學工業(yè)出版社， 2021 【 3】 新聞中心 中國網(wǎng) 責任編輯：海嶼 時間： 【 4】 何燧源 環(huán)境污染物分析監(jiān)測，北京： 化學工業(yè)出版社， 2021 【 5】 王煥校，污染生態(tài)學，北京：高等教育出版社， 2021 【 6】 張世森， 環(huán)境監(jiān)測技術，北京：高等教育出版社， 1992 g an employment tribunal claim Employment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: ? you don39。t agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you ? your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal. You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haven39。t appealed against the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any pensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal. Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are plaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it. If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the anisations listed under Further help. Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the anisations listed under Further help. If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your pensation if you win the case. This is known as a damagesbased agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor can39。t charge you more than 35% of your pensation if you win the case. If you are thinking about signing up for a damagesbased agreement, you should make sure you39。re clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by , click on nearest CAB. For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, see Employment tribunals. The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islandsbased Webb, the head of Fifa39。s antiracism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association39。s 150th anniversary celebrations and will 22 attend City39。s Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday. I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport. For me it39。s about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was. Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the racist behaviour of their fans during City39。s 21 win. Michel Platini, president of European football39。s governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee39。s actions. CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toure39。s plaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the