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法避免的。換 蓋系統(tǒng)在造價和成本上應該有所考慮,簡化該機構作為以后研究的方向。 凸輪的設計在仿真時,出現(xiàn)加速度變化較為劇烈,雖然用了一些方式減輕了剛性沖擊,但是沖擊問題 仍然存在,所以在凸輪設計時, 我們采用了倒角銜接 的方式設計以消除這一問題 ,也因此出現(xiàn)微小誤差,是我們無法克服的 。 在輸入與輸出時皮帶輪的速度也有一定要求,并且在灌裝過程中,灌裝的控制量和其中的機構設計也是需要推敲的, 但是因為知識的原因,本方案中未涉及。 綜上所訴,我們的設計方案是在我們力所能及范圍內是可行并且最優(yōu)化了的。 十、 Pro/e 建模分析 本組僅以槽輪機構動力學仿真過程為例,說明在 pro/e 中的形成過程,及運動分析過程的組件。 六角槽輪建模: 出基本圖形 , 再 采用一次拉伸 新建 “零件 ”,通 過 “旋轉工具 ”、 “拉伸工具 ”、 “去除材料 ”和 “陣列 ”的命令,建立槽輪的模型,如 下 圖所示。 Theory of Machines and Mechanisms 33 草繪出的基本圖形 拉伸后所得圖形 主動輪的基本平面形狀 拉伸后的所得主動輪 pro/e 組件為一體 新建“組件”,裝入“支架”零件模型,約束使用“缺省”,將其自由度全部固定;再裝入“傳動桿”零件模型,采用“銷釘”連接;最后裝入“槽 輪”零件模型,同樣采用“銷釘”連接。裝配圖如下圖所示。 Theory of Machines and Mechanisms 34 組件過程截圖 組件后的效果 ,使其能夠正常運行 1) 在組件圖中,單擊菜單命令“應用程序”下的“機構”,系統(tǒng)自動轉換到機構操作界面。 2) 傳動桿的一端與槽輪相對的兩個槽間建立凸輪副連接,如圖所示。 圖 凸輪 1 曲面選擇為主動輪銷釘表面 Theory of Machines and Mechanisms 35 圖 凸輪 2 曲面選擇為槽輪外表面 圖 由于槽輪為間隙機構,所以凸輪 1和凸輪 2 要啟用升離 3) 點擊菜單“插入”下的“伺服電動機”選項,進入“伺服電動機定義”對話框,選擇傳動桿與支架的銷釘連接軸為與伺服電動機想連接的軸。點擊“反向”,點擊“輪廓”選項卡,設置參數如圖 所示: 4) 點擊“機構分析”,設置參數如圖 。單擊“運行”,“確定”。 Theory of Machines and Mechanisms 36 圖 “輪廓”選項卡參數設置 圖 機構分析定義參數設置 圖 運行電動機 圖 定義起始 十一、 設計小結 到此, 我們總算完成了對旋轉灌裝機的設計。作為學機械的學生,對機械原理的課程設計是十分有必要的。我們在課堂上掌握是僅僅是專業(yè)課的理論知識,如何去鍛煉我們的實踐能力,如何把我們的所學的專業(yè)基礎課程理論知識運用到實踐中去。課程設計就是為我們提供了良好的實踐平臺。在做本次課程設計的過程中,我們感觸最深的當屬如何把學過的理論知識運用于實際,并且實踐,培養(yǎng)了我們運用所學的理論和方法去發(fā)現(xiàn)、分析和解決工程實際問題的能力,而Theory of Machines and Mechanisms 37 且還加深了我們對各類機械機構的認識。為了讓設計更加完善,查閱這方面的設計資料是十分必要的,同時也是必不可少 的。我們不能單靠課本理論,這在實際運用中會出現(xiàn)差別。在這次課程設計過程中我們學到了不少東西,也得到很多的鍛煉。同時在凸輪設計,連桿運動分析,運動簡圖的繪制等過程中,我們學會了運用計算機分析設計各類凸輪機構,用 pro/E軟件對機構桿件的運動進行調試和分析,真正做到了學以致用,理論聯(lián)系實際。很值得一提的是,自己又重新把 AUTO CAD學了一遍。這次課程設計是分組進行,通過彼此的討論,發(fā)表自己的想法,接受隊友的意見,雖然期間少不了爭吵,但是大家始終堅信團結就是力量,團隊合作,自己逐漸認識到集體的重要性意見正確采納 別人的意見想法。無形之中,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),提出,分析,解決問題的能力得到了提高,這將有益于我們以后的學習工作和生活。在此我要向我的隊友說,因為有了你們,我變得更成熟,我相信這些知識和能力對自己今后的學習肯定是有用的。 十 二 、參考 文獻 《機械原理第七版》陳作模、葛文杰主編 《機械原理課程設計手冊》牛鳴岐、王保民等主編 《 pro/mechanism 》電子工業(yè)出版社 《 pro/e完全精通》林清安主編 《齒輪三維快速造型與仿真》 Theory of Machines and Mechanisms 38 g an employment tribunal claim Employment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: ? you don39。t agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you ? your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal. You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haven39。t appealed against the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any pensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal. Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are plaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it. If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the anisations listed under Further help. Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the anisations listed under Further help. If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your pensation if you win the case. This is known as a damagesbased agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor can39。t charge you more than 35% of your pensation if you win the case. If you are thinking about signing up for a damagesbased agreement, you should make sure you39。re clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by , click on nearest CAB. For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, see Employment tribunals. The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islandsbased Webb, the head of Fifa39。s antiracism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association39。s 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City39。s Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday. I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport. Theory of Machines and Mechanisms 39 For me it39。s about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was. Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the racist behaviour of their fans during City39。s 21 win. Michel Platini, president of European football39。s governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee39。s actions. CSKA said they were surprised and di