北大生化課件14(2)(已改無(wú)錯(cuò)字)
2023-06-27 22:27:39 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 estroyed). ? Kiic and physical evidences suggest that the enzymes act to catalyze the ten reactions of glycolysis pathway (as enzymes act in other metabolic pathways) may assemble into multienzyme plexes, where intermediates are directly channeled from one enzyme to another, without entering the aqueous solutions, a phenomenon called “substrate channeling”. The glycolytic enzymes very likely form multienzyme plexes. Substrate channeling Dilution dissociation Fermentation: pyruvate is converted to lactic acid or ethanol under anaerobic conditions Pyruvate is reduced to lactate, leading to NAD+ regeneration when O2 lacks (thus allowing glycolysis to continue)。 occurring in very active skeleton muscle, some bacteria like lactobacilli Lactic acid Fermentation: 乳酸脫氫酶 Present only in those alcohol fermentative Organisms Present in many anisms including human Pyruvate be decarboxylated and reduced to form ethanol in some microanisms Ethanol Fermentation: 丙酮酸脫羧酶 乙醇脫氫酶 Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is involved in the cleavage of CC bonds adjacent to a carbonyl group. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) is used to synthesize TPP. A lack of Vitamin B1 in humans will result in a condition known as Beriberi Many carbohydrates meet their catabolic fate in glycolysis ? Polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen are first degraded into glucoses via hydrolysis in extracellular spaces (catalyzed by aamylases and other enzymes), but into glucose 1phosphate via phosphorolysis inside cells (catalyzed by phosphorylases). ? Oligosaccharides (., sucrose, lactose, trehalose etc) are degraded into monosaccharides before further transformed. ? Hexoses other than glucose can also be catabolized via the glycolytic pathway after being converted to a phosphorylated derivative. HOH OH aamylase Pentose phosphate p
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