【正文】 ing Fathers knew slavery was wrong and yet most did little to fight it. More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create. For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was “l(fā)ike having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: Gee Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation. And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. The three fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803。 the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states. Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia. 36. Gee Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to [A] show the primitive medical practice in the past. [B] demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days. [C] stress the role of slaves in the . history. [D] reveal some unknown aspect of his life. 37. We may infer from the second paragraph that [A] DNA technology has been widely applied to history research. [B] in its early days the . was confronted with delicate situations. [C] historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life. [D] political promises are easily found throughout the . history. 38. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson? [A] His political view changed his attitude towards slavery. [B] His status as a father made him free the child slaves. [C] His attitude towards slavery was plex. [D] His affair with a slave stained his prestige. 39. Which of the following is true according to the text? [A] Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery. [B] Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote. [C] Slave owners usually had large savings accounts. [D] Slavery wad regarded as a peculiar institution. 40. Washington’s decision to free slaves originated from his [A] moral considerations. [B] military experience. [C] financial conditions. [D] political stand. Part B Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 4145, choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to write. (41) Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft. (42) Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on what you are saying. Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors. (43) Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will nit lose any writing on the other side. If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraph by making just a few simple keyboard mands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing. (44) These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revision. Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete material that in unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. The student who wrote: “The A amp。P as a State of Mind” wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. (45) Remember that your initial draft is only that. You should go through the paper many times and then again working to substantiate and clarify your ideas. You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper. Rewrite. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or