【正文】 ed to share things with them, such as attention from parents, toys, the bathroom and the TV. There are also unpleasant situations such as petition, namecalling and even hairpulling. ④Even the birth order of siblings could matter too. US psychologist Kevin Leman said that birth order decides the way parents treat their children, thus causing different personalities between siblings. ⑤Kevin Leman explained that parents are usually more strict with their first child. So firstborns may be perfect because parents set high goals（目標(biāo)） for them. They usually act well and hope to succeed. When the couple has a second child, they have fewer rules. So lateborn children are usually more creative. They also love attention. It is said that many of them also have a good sense of humor.（1）The underlined word this in Paragraph 1 refers to（指） ______. A.onechild policyB.having a brother or a sisterC.the end of onechild policyD.being allowed to have more than two children（2）In Paragraph 2, the writer mainly tells us ______. A.the advantages of having a siblingB.how to look after a siblingC.how to get on well with a siblingD.the secrets of having a sibling（3）According to Kevin Leman, ______. A.lateborn children are usually successful at schoolB.having a sibling can stop children from bad feelingsC.parents are usually more strict with their firstborn childD.children with siblings have to learn to control their feelings（4）Which of the following best shows the structure（結(jié)構(gòu)） of the passage? A.B.C.D.【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】文章大意：中國開放二胎，家里有2個(gè)小孩，會(huì)使得孩子不感到孤獨(dú)，父母對(duì)待孩子的方式不一樣，第一胎較為嚴(yán)格。 （1）推斷題。根據(jù)文章提到的 Would you like to have a brother or a sister 可知，this指代了上文提到的have a brother or a sister，故選B。 （2）主旨題。根據(jù)文章介紹了二孩的好處，不會(huì)讓孩子感到孤獨(dú)，可知第二段介紹了the advantages of having a sibling，故選A。 （3）細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章提到的 Kevin Leman explained that parents are usually more strict with their first child 可知，父母對(duì)第一胎要求嚴(yán)格，故選C。 （4）細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章一開始說了二胎政策，然后說了二胎的好處與壞處，可知文章的結(jié)構(gòu)是總分，第二段和第三段講述了有兄弟姐妹的情景，第四五段講述了有兄弟姐妹可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致的問題，故選D。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題和主旨題三種?？碱}型，細(xì)節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息；主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。8．閱讀理解 Can you swim? Do you like swimming? Yes? Well, how can you learn to swim? I think the best way is to go into the water and learn. I39。m afraid you39。ll never learn to swim just by reading books about swimming or looking at others swimming. It39。s the same with the English study. We must practice, practice and practice. Listening and speaking are very important for beginners. Especially for the children in Englishspeaking countries. First, listen to others. Then, try to imitate and speak. We can listen to English programs on radio. You may just understand a few words. It doesn39。t matter. Just be relaxed, try to catch every word. Somebody may be a good listener. But he dare not speak. He39。s afraid of making mistakes. You know we sometimes make mistakes when we speak Chinese. Don39。t be afraid. We must be brave. If you really want to learn English well, you must try to speak with everyone as long as he knows English. Whether you know him or not is not important, when there39。s nobody to talk with, you can talk to yourself in English. It39。s interesting and also a good way to practice your spoken English. Remember, the more you speak, the fewer mistakes you39。ll make. Reading and writing are more important for senior school students. First we must choose the books we39。re interested in. A lot of reading will improve your language sense. This is the most important. Keep writing English diaries. We can also write English articles. You may even post them to English magazines. Don39。t be afraid of failure. Failure is the mother of success. Easier said than done. Well, let39。s do more practice from now on. I39。m sure you39。ll learn English well in this way.（1）You can learn to swim by _________. A.reading books about itB.looking at others swimmingC.having lessons on itD.going into the river and learning（2）We should learn English by _________. A.listening and speakingB.reading and writingC.both A and BD.swimming（3）What will you do with mistakes when you speak? A.Don39。t make mistakes.B.Study hard.C.Try not to speak English.D.Don39。t be afraid.【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）D 【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文通過跟游泳的對(duì)比，給我們提出了如何提高英語的建議：寫作的有效辦法之一就是用英語寫日記；初學(xué)者要善于模仿；我們在講英語的時(shí)候有時(shí)會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤，不要害怕，我們必須勇敢；大量的閱讀會(huì)提高你的語感。 （1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段how can you learn to swim？I think the best way is to go into the water and learn．你怎么能學(xué)游泳？我想最好的辦法是下水學(xué)?？芍詈玫姆椒ㄊ侨ニ飳W(xué)習(xí)，故選D。 （2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Listening and speaking are very important for beginners和第四段Reading and writing are more important for senior school students的描述，聽和說對(duì)初學(xué)者很重要，第四段讀和寫對(duì)高中生更重要?？芍獙W(xué)好英語就應(yīng)該通過聽說和讀寫來進(jìn)行。故選C。 （3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段He39。s afraid of making mistakes．You know we sometimes make mistakes when we speak Chinese．Don39。t be afraid．We must be brave．他害怕犯錯(cuò)。你知道我們說中文時(shí)有時(shí)會(huì)犯錯(cuò)。別害怕。我們必須勇敢?？芍覀儾荒芎ε路稿e(cuò)誤，故選D。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解能力。首先通讀全文，掌握大意，然后根據(jù)問題在文章中找到依據(jù)，選出正確答案，注意閱讀方法的運(yùn)用。9．閱讀理解 I volunteered at the vet39。s （獸醫(yī)診所） last summer vacation. Minnie was the most interesting dog that I saw there. Long hair covered her body. And her tail looked like a mouse39。s tail. She was brought to the vet39。s because her owner didn39。t want her any more. Minnie was wellbehaved（行為端正）. No one should judge（評(píng)判） her by her appearance, I thought. So the people of the vet39。s looked after her. Finally, I advertised Minnie in the local newspaper. Funnylooking dog, wellbehaved, needs a loving family. When a young man called, I told him that Minnie looked a little strange. The boy on the phone told me that his grandfather39。s old dog had just died. They wanted to bring Minnie to him. I gave Minnie a good bath. At last, an old car drove up in front of the vet39。s. Two kids brought Minnie to their grandfather who was waiting in the car. Then the grandfather held Minnie in his arms and touched her soft hair. Minnie kissed his face. She waved her tail so quickly. She39。s great! the old man said. I was glad that Minnie found a good family. That39。s when I saw that the grandfat