【正文】 of generating stations許多發(fā)電站Roman empire羅馬皇帝Cloaca maxima 古羅馬的大排泄溝Wate phosphorous 亞磷的（三價(jià)磷）phosphorous acid亞磷酸phosphoric磷的（五價(jià)）carbonates，bicarbonates碳酸鹽，碳酸氫鹽carbohydrates碳水化合物，主要含氫和碳TOC(total organic carbon)總有機(jī)碳COD(chemical oxygen demand)化學(xué)需氧量BOD(biological oxygen demand)生化需氧量Biodegradable organic可生物降解的有機(jī)物BOD5BOD的測(cè)試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化rborne diseases 水傳染的疾病epilimnion 表層水hypolimnion深水層thermocline熱變形層bee depleted of oxygen 缺氧二、重點(diǎn)句子翻譯UNIT2 is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us；that which we can see，hear，touch，smell，and ，在那里我們可以看到，聽到，觸到，聞到和品嘗到。比如，太陽系統(tǒng)，灌溉系統(tǒng)，供水系統(tǒng)，世界或宇宙”。 reduction: Any action that reduces the amount of waste exiting a ：減少在于一個(gè)過程中的大量廢物的任何行為。 :The use or reuse of a waste as a substitute for a mercial product or as a feedstock to an industrial ：作為一個(gè)商業(yè)產(chǎn)品的代替品，或作為一個(gè)工業(yè)過程的原料的利用或再利用。 Reduction/Waste Minimization Techniques廢物回收/廢物最少化技術(shù)(包括以下幾點(diǎn))●product changes產(chǎn)品改變 ●process changes過程改變●equipment modifications設(shè)備改造 ●operating practices操作訓(xùn)練●recycling and reuse回收和再利用 is air pollution? Air pollution is normally defined as air thatcontains one or more chemicals in high enough concentration toharm humans, other animals, vegetation or ？空氣污染通常是指那種包含一種或多種化學(xué)物質(zhì)富集到高濃度并足以傷害人類、其他動(dòng)物、植物或材料的空氣。 primary air pollution is a chemical added directly to the air that occursin a harmful 。 and carbohydrates constitute 90 percent of the organic matter in domestic 。2)When the collection and organization of date reveal certain regularities, it may bepossible to formulate a generalization or hypothesis當(dāng)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)收集和整理披露了某些規(guī)律時(shí)，可能歸納出概況或假設(shè)。4）theories,and in particular,mathematical theories,often enable us to bridge the gap between experimentally controlled observations and observations made in the ，尤其是數(shù)學(xué)理論，通常使我們可以彌補(bǔ)（縮?。?shí)驗(yàn)過程觀察的結(jié)果與該領(lǐng)域理論推導(dǎo)的結(jié)果間的差距。1)APS materials,inc,generated two hazardous wastes,111 trichloroethane and methanol from cold solvent degreasing operations associated with their plasma spray deposition ，即1,1,1三氯乙烷和甲醇。T美國最大的電話電信公司3)CFC=chlorofluoro carbon 含氯氟烴4)Sloppy housekeeping practices such as leaking tanks，valves，or pumps may cause process chemicals to spill requiring cleanup and ，例如儲(chǔ)罐、閥門或泵的泄漏，都會(huì)導(dǎo)致工藝過程中化學(xué)品的濺漏而需要采取凈化和處理措施。2）by themselves，measured concentrations tell us nothing about the danger caused by pollutants，because threshold levels，synergy，and biological magnification are also determining factors測(cè)量的濃度自身并未告訴我們有關(guān)污染物造成的危害的信息，因?yàn)榕R界濃度，協(xié)同作用和生長放大效應(yīng)都是決定因素。四、課文填空：UNIT13的第一部分（Pollution of streams and rivers）PoHution of Streams and RiversWhen sewage is discharged into a freshwater stream，the stream bees pollution。But the potential for oxygen depletion exists wherever there is sewage。Now follow the water downstream from “Polutionville.” There processes are going on, all at the same bacteria are feasting on the of this action，the amount of sewage in the water is decreasing，so the BOD is going down。 of the lost oxygen is being replenished from the atmosphere and form photosynthesis by the vegetation in the stream。The fish begin to die，but it is not the sewage that is killing them。The fish kills start about 15km downstream from the introduction of the raw sewage。The river then begins to repurify itself。Of course，if additional sewage is discharged before recovery is plete，as shown in the illustration at 160km，the river bees pollution again。Rivers in such a condition，which unfortunately can be found near densely polluted areas all over the world，support no fish，are high in bacterial content（usually includingpathogenic organisms），appear muddily bluegreen from choking algae，and，in extreme cases，stink from putrefaction and fermentation。因此，學(xué)生將來在工作崗位上能否讀懂這些資料就是擺在面前的一個(gè)嚴(yán)峻的問題，特別是在生產(chǎn)實(shí)際中碰到現(xiàn)場實(shí)際問題的時(shí)候，很可能需要查閱原版英文資料或與相關(guān)專家用英語交流專業(yè)技術(shù)來謀取解決途徑，所以機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語的掌握就變得越來越重要。其實(shí)，隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，各種工作崗位對(duì)人才的要求越來越高，即使作為一名操作工，也有很大可能要面對(duì)純英文的說明書、加工圖紙等專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)，更無須說將來擔(dān)任管理和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)崗位對(duì)專業(yè)英語的需求了。只有既懂外語又懂專業(yè)的人才能適應(yīng)全面的對(duì)外開放，專業(yè)英語一般內(nèi)容較為枯燥，闡述的是原理概念，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，不注重文字修飾，重在客觀事實(shí)；專業(yè)詞匯多，邏輯性強(qiáng)，理論推導(dǎo)多，有獨(dú)特的文體形式和表達(dá)方式。二、大學(xué)生學(xué)好機(jī)械專業(yè)英語的方法必須將機(jī)械專業(yè)知識(shí)與英語知識(shí)相結(jié)合。也許自己在學(xué)習(xí)過程中就會(huì)對(duì)翻譯出來的東西拿捏不穩(wěn)，或者自己都不明白，更不能保證對(duì)錯(cuò)了。也有學(xué)生反映，專業(yè)英語學(xué)完以后，英語和專業(yè)兩方面都有所鞏固和加強(qiáng)，所以學(xué)生要做的仍舊是樹立信心，保持良好積極的心態(tài)。提高專業(yè)英語資料的閱讀能力必須擴(kuò)大詞匯量，掌握一定量的專業(yè)詞匯。而學(xué)生要想擴(kuò)大詞匯量，就必須在閱讀的同時(shí)進(jìn)行識(shí)記，并擴(kuò)大閱讀范圍?！芭d趣是最好的老師”，興趣是學(xué)習(xí)英語的巨大動(dòng)力，有了興趣，學(xué)習(xí)就會(huì)事半功倍。而興趣不是與生俱來的，需要培養(yǎng)。多讓自己去嘗試，通過努力讓自己體會(huì)成功的愉悅。由于翻譯過程是個(gè)創(chuàng)造性的、從生疏到熟練的過程，只有具備刻苦的精神、嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度和一定的英語水平、專業(yè)水平和漢語表達(dá)水平，才能充分理解原專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)的含義，把握原文的想要表述的實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容，運(yùn)用種種表達(dá)手段和翻譯技巧，用準(zhǔn)確流暢的符合漢語言習(xí)慣的語言生動(dòng)地再現(xiàn)原文。