【正文】 ruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians，acrobats(雜技演員)and artists by government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally London，they serve as a beautiful backdrop(背景)to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the vibrant(有活力的)hearts are the product of centuries of evolution，social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently.“The reason people think Venice is so great today is you don’t see all the mistakes，”said Garreau“ Those have all been removed.”Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car, so and cafes were near to，people’s ，the focus of many Europeans’life has moved away from the live in the suburbs and outskirts，driving to supermarkets to get their on a continent where people treasure convention，there are still those who hold onto traditional ways，living and shopping with tourists，provide the city centers with the reason for culture plays a part in keeping these city centers is Particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists this skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos(濃咖啡)and also plays a role in developing sociable In Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an almost daily munities would gather in the same building and then move out to the and bars In the surrounding enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Duomo。Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that，“80 percent of the children of two obese(肥胖的)parents bee obese，as pared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight.”How can obese people bee normal or even thin through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective, but the health costs are Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people。some were hid food in their warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn39。But months after the study were back to normal weight and stayed does not mean that people are pletely without hope in controlling their means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly baffle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight。 life did Jules Hirsch do to the eight fat people in his study? let them skip supper let them skip let them run every morning and gave them a liquid formula providing 600 calories a happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital? went killed were back to normal attempted Sims made his subjects their genetic inheritance their from hunger their did scientists think was true? person has a fixed weight person has a weight range of person wants to control his or her person wants to eat to his or her heart’s content第三篇 Shaming PunishmentsLast month，James Connolly，a junior at the University of Massachusetts，stood in front of a local police station wearing a toga(長袍)as crime? He was charged with underage drinking，illegal possession of alcohol and excessive noise while holding a shaming punishment has increased in the US in recent years，mostly imposed by local judges for less—serious crimes，such as drunk driving and believe shame is the best petty crime deterrent(威懾).For example，in Tennessee，Judge James McKenzie has made shoplifters(商店貨物扒手)stand outside Wal — Mart with signs that read，“I am a thief put here by order of Judge McKenzie”，“Alternative punishments like munity service and fines don’t convey moral condemnation(譴責(zé))of the criminal，”said Dan Kahan，a University of Chicago Law School professor ,in an article published on the university’S website.“They aren’t shameful enough。Some judges say shamed offenders seldom repeat their aren’t SO sure。s of course degrading(侮辱人格的)，”said Linda Malone，director of the Human Rights and National Security Law Programme at William and Mary Law School.“US law only prohibits punishment that is‘cruel and unusual’一not‘inhuman and degrading’.it39