【正文】 nt of 在前面 at the back of 在后面 at the bottom of 在底部 on the edge of 在……的邊上 on top of 在……的頂部 opposite to 與……相對 close to 靠近near to 在……附近next to 與……相鄰 under 垂直在下 over 垂直在上 below 在下方 above 在上方 across 在……的另一邊 around 在周圍 behind 在后 before 在前 against 靠著、抵著 further on 再往前表示列舉和時序first, second, third…finally firstly, secondly, thirdly…finally first of all, next then, lastly for one thing…for another… at the same time at first at last表示列舉for example 例如：…… namely 即……for instance 例如：…… that is(to say)也就是說such as 如…… take…for example 拿……來說 like 像……表示比較或?qū)Ρ萳ike 像 unlike 不像 similarly 同樣地in contrast with 與……成對比 in the same way 以相同的方式 pared to 與……相比while 而 still=nevertheless 然而 on the contrary 正相反different from 與……不同 on(the)one hand…on the other hand 一方面……另一方面表示增補(bǔ)and 而且 both…and 不但……而且 not only…but also 不但……而且 as well as 不但……而且 also=besides=furthermore=more over 此外、而且 in addition 并且 apart from 除了……之外 including 包括 what39。s worse=to make matter worse 更糟糕的是表示因果because 因?yàn)?since 既然 as 由于 now that 既然 therefore 因此 thus 這樣 so 所以 as a result(of)結(jié)果 because of=on account of 因?yàn)?thanks to 多虧for this reason 由于這個原因 if so 如果這樣 if not 如果不是這樣表示目的for this purpose in order to do so as to do so that… in order that…表示讓步though/although no matter+疑問句in spite of whatever/however/whoever even if/ even though表示遞進(jìn)或強(qiáng)調(diào)besides 況且 what39。1． 有一些人認(rèn)為…… 2． 另一些人認(rèn)為…… 3． 我的看法……The topic of ①（主題）is being more and more popular recently.（最近……的話題變得越來越受歡迎）There are two sides of opinions about it.（關(guān)于這個話題，有兩種不同的觀點(diǎn)）Some people say A is their favorite.（有些人說A是他們最喜愛的）They hold their view for the reason of ②（支持A的理由一）（因?yàn)椤睦碛伤麄兂钟羞@樣的觀點(diǎn)）What is more, ③理由二).（而且……）Moreover, ④(理由三).（此外，……）While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.（在這同時在接下來三個理由中有些人認(rèn)為B是更好的選擇）Firstly,(支持B的理由一).（首先，……）Secondly(besides),⑥（理由二）.（第二（除此之外）……）Thirdly(finally),⑦(理由三).（第三（最后）……）From my point of view, I think ⑧（我的觀點(diǎn)）.（在我看來，我認(rèn)為）The reason is that ⑨(原因).（原因是……）As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.（事實(shí)上，有許多其他理由可以解釋我的選擇）For me, the former is surely a wise choice.（對我來說，前者無疑是個明智的選擇）2：給出一個觀點(diǎn)，要求考生反對這一觀點(diǎn)Some people believe that ①（觀點(diǎn)一）.（有些人認(rèn)為……）For example, they think ②（舉例說明）．（例如，他們認(rèn)為……）And it will bring them ③(為他們帶來的好處).（不僅如此，它還能給他們帶來……）In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.（在我看來，我不認(rèn)為這個理由是關(guān)鍵）For one thing,④(我不同意該看法的理由一).（一方面……）（For another thing, ⑤(反對的理由之二)．（另一方面……）From all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥(我對文章所討論主題的看法)．（從我已經(jīng)說的，我同意……觀點(diǎn)）3：闡述主題題型 要求從一句話或一個主題出發(fā)，按照提綱的要求進(jìn)行論述． １． 闡述名言或主題所蘊(yùn)涵的意義． ２． 分析并舉例使其更充實(shí)． The good old proverb（名言或諺語）reminds us that(釋義).（……這則古老的諺語提醒我們……）Indeed, we can learn many things fromm it.（事實(shí)上，我們能從中學(xué)到很多東西）First of all,(理由一).（首先……）For example,(舉例說明).（例如……）Secondly,(理由二).（第二……）Another case is that(舉例說明).（另一個實(shí)例是……）Furthermore ,(理由三)．（此外……）In my opinion,(我的觀點(diǎn)).（在我看來……）In short, whatever you do, please remember the sayingA.（總之，無論你做什么，請記住這句名言……）If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.（如果你能領(lǐng)悟它并把它應(yīng)用到你的學(xué)習(xí)或工作中，你將必定受益匪淺）4：解決方法題型 要求考生列舉出解決問題的多種途徑 １． 問題現(xiàn)狀２． 怎樣解決(解決方案的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn))In recent days, we have to face I problemA, which is being more and more serious.（在最近的日子里，我們必須面對……的問題，它越來越嚴(yán)重）First,(說明Ａ的現(xiàn)狀)．（首先……）Second,(舉例進(jìn)一步說明現(xiàn)狀)（第二……）Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.（面對它，我們應(yīng)該采取一系列的有效的措施來處理這種情況）For one thing,(解決方法一).（一方面……）For another(解決方法二).（另一方面……）Finally,(解決方法三).（最后……）Personally, I believe that(我的解決方法).（就我而言，我認(rèn)為……）Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because(帶來的好處).（我相信一個光明的未來在等著我們因?yàn)椤?：說明利弊題型這種題型往往要求先說明一下現(xiàn)狀，再對比事物本身的利弊，有時也會單從一個角度（利或弊）出發(fā)，最后往往要求考生表明自己的態(tài)度（或?qū)κ挛锴熬疤岢鲱A(yù)測）１． 說明事物現(xiàn)狀２． 事物本身的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)（或一方面）３． 你對現(xiàn)狀（或前景）的看法Nowadays many people prefer A because it plays a significant role in our daily life.（當(dāng)今，有許多人更喜歡A因?yàn)樗谖覀兊娜粘Ｉ钪邪缪葜卮蟮慕巧〨enerally, its advantages can be seen as follows.（一般來說，它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)如下）First(Ａ的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一).（首先……）Besides（Ａ的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之二）.（另外……）But every coin has two sides.（但是任何事物都有兩面性）The negative aspects are also apparent.（消極的方面也很明顯）One of the important disadvantages is that(Ａ的第一個缺點(diǎn))．（它最大的缺點(diǎn)之一是……）To make matters worse,(Ａ的第二個缺點(diǎn))．（更糟糕的是……）Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.（通過上述的分析，我認(rèn)為積極的方面的價值超過了消極的方面）Therefore, I would like to(我的看法)．（因此，我想……）(From the parison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.（從A消極積極的影響的對比，我們應(yīng)該合理的采納它，根據(jù)我們所處的情況來做）Only in this way(對前景的預(yù)測)．（半倒裝句 助動詞或情態(tài)動詞提前 謂語動詞還原）（只有通過這種方式……）6：議論文的框架(1)不同觀點(diǎn)列舉型（選擇型）There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目.（……是一個普遍關(guān)注的問題）But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.（但眾所周知關(guān)于這個熱門話題觀點(diǎn)因人而異）A majority of people think that _ 觀點(diǎn)一________.（大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為……）In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows（在他們看來，有如下兩個因素形成了他們這種態(tài)度）: in the first place, ___原因一_______.（首先……）Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.（除此之外，其次……）So it goes without saying that ___觀點(diǎn)一_____.（所以……是毫無疑問的）People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.（然而在這件事有人有不同意見）Some people hold the idea that_觀二_____.（有人持……的觀點(diǎn)）In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.（在他們看來，一方面……）On the other hand, ____原因二_____.（另一方面……）Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀點(diǎn)二______.（因此，……是毫無疑問的）As far as I am