化學(xué)工程與工藝本科專業(yè)-閱讀頁
2024-10-25 16:33本頁面
【正文】 of economic ，根據(jù)設(shè)計所涉及工藝技術(shù)的新穎、流程的復(fù)雜程度以及工程的質(zhì)量而定。這是耗時耗財?shù)碾A段：僅僅每天從車間出來的廢品會高達(dá)數(shù)千美金。 engineers study ways to reduce operating costs by saving energy, cutting raw material consumption, and reducing production of offspecification products that require study ways to improve product quality and reduce environmental pollution of both air and ，降低原材料消耗、減少不合要求的需進(jìn)行處理的產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)，以降低生產(chǎn)成本。 marketing of many chemicals requires a considerable amount of interaction between engineers in the pany producing the chemical and engineers in the pany using the interaction can take the form of advising on how to use a chemical or developing a new chemical in order to solve a specific problem of a 。 number and diversity of chemical pounds is remarkable: over ten million are now this vase number pales into insignificance when pared to the number of carbon pounds which is theoretically ，其差異很大：所知道的化學(xué)物質(zhì)的數(shù)量就達(dá)上千萬種。 the term “inorganic chemical” covers pounds of all the elements other than carbon, the diversity of origins is not of the more important sources are metallic ores, and salt or all these cases at least two different elements are bine together chemically in the form of a stable “無機(jī)化學(xué)品”。在這些情況下，至少兩種不同的元素化合以一種穩(wěn)定的化合物在一起。如今，所有有機(jī)化合物的99%以上， major route form biomass to chemicals is via fermentation these processes cannot utillize polysaccharides like cellulose and starch, and so the latter must first be subjected to acidic or enzymic hydrolysis to from the simpler sugars which are suitable starting 。 esters, the use of lipids for chemicals production starts with this can be either acidor alkalicatalyzed, the latter is preferred since it is an irreversiblereaction, and under these conditions the process is known as （物質(zhì)），用于生產(chǎn)化學(xué)物質(zhì)時，以水解反應(yīng)開始，雖然水解反應(yīng)可以用酸或堿催化，但堿催化效果更好，因為堿催化反應(yīng)不可逆。 effect he applied the ethics of industrial consultancy by which experience was transmitted “from plant to plant and from process to process in such a way which did not promise the private or specific knowledge which contributed to a given plant’s profitability”.The concept of unit operations held that any chemical manufacturing process could be resolved into a coordinated series of operations such as pulverizing, drying, roasting, electrolyzing, and so ，經(jīng)驗傳遞從一個車間到另一個車間，從一個過程到另一個過程。單元操作的概念使每一個化學(xué)制造過程都能分解為一系列的操作步驟，如研末、干燥、烤干、電解等等。 engineers will bee more heavily involved in product design as a plement to process 。carbonate 碳酸鹽 spectrum 光譜 silica 二氧化硅epoxy 環(huán)氧樹脂 vinyl 乙烯基 acetate 醋酸鹽 pharmaceutical 藥物 polypropylene 聚丙烯 formaldehyde 甲醛 ammonium 銨基polyester 聚酯 the lion’s share 較大部分reactant 反應(yīng)物 distillation 蒸餾 nozzle 噴嘴 pressor 壓縮機(jī) pilotplant 中試裝置 specification 說明書 flow sheet 工藝流程圖corrosion 腐蝕 sensor 傳感器 atrophy 退化，衰退 online 聯(lián)機(jī) mission 投產(chǎn)，交工式運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) covalent 共價的 isomerism 同分異構(gòu)froth flotation 泡沫浮選 borate 硼酸鹽（酯）fluoride 氟化物 amino 氨基的 hydrolysis 水解 nap h the ne 環(huán)烷烴 naphtha 揮發(fā)油鈉 sodium 鉀 potassium 磷 phosphorus 氨 ammonia 聚合物 polymer 粘度 viscosity 聚乙烯 polyethylene 氯化物 chloride烴 hydrocarbon 催化劑 catalyst 煉油廠 refinery 添加劑 additive 間歇的 batch 反應(yīng)器 reactor 放大 scaleup 熱交換器 heat exchanger創(chuàng)新 innovation 術(shù)語 terminology 閥 valve 梯度 gradient 組成 position 雜質(zhì) impurity 模擬 simulate 氫氧化物 hydroxide 酯 ester 脂肪族的 aliphatic 不飽和的 unsaturated芳香族的 aromatic 甲烷 methane 烯烴 olefin 烷烴 alkaneenzymic 酶 xylene 二甲苯
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