【正文】
round or square, rather than westerners with elongated the west, a from western cutlery includes Butter knife, bread dish, appetizer, use a knife and fork with knife and fork, main course, soup with a spoon, dessert forks, wine glasses, white wine western countries pay more attention to the eating, so they usually take Fencan Dining table terminology and behavior China advocate moderation and courtesy and manner are deeply , when eating out, we must mind the language and manner and keep them in a high in the foreigner eyes, our etiquette is cumbersome and people eat with a relaxing atmosphere and they can talk with each other and laugh, it is very the contrary, the eating surrounding of western countries is quiet and they value the Chinese and Western seats In china, most of all since ancient times to the left is the statue, in the banquet guests, to the status of a very distinguished guests in attendance arranged on the left, followed by in some western countries, we are just the The job title The level of seating positions is similar in the with position or status higher will be respect for and take the higher pedestal to rank, and the rank of the officers high and low positioning, the level can not be Ladies and Gentlemen It is same that Chinese and Western women are proud of their husbands, so the ranking of them accord their the many guests, male guest is honored, his wife is ranked Chinese and western business dinner dress China is known as the state of ceremonies in the world and the Chinese people are also worldknown for its polite dress has always maintained: clean, fresh, dignified and Western countries, if you are invited to attend the breakfast, lunch, dinner, buffet, cocktail party or tea party, there are usually only two forms , one is the official , the other one is you go to a highend restaurant, the men should be wearing a neat shirt and shoes, ladies wear suits and have been working with the you specify required to wear formal clothing, men must wear a and western business table manners cultural analysis Chinese and western business table manners cultural characteristicsSince the beginning of the 21st century, crosscultural munication has bee an integral part of people39。由于中西方國家的文化,思維方式、生活習慣和行為方式迥然不同,在與西方交往的過程中不可避免的會出現(xiàn)文化沖突的現(xiàn)象,嚴重的影響了交往的順利進行。學習和分析中西方餐桌禮儀的差異對中西方跨文化交際具有重要的意義。懂禮、習禮、守禮、重禮的歷史,源遠流長?!倍钤绯霈F(xiàn)的食禮,又與遠古的祭神儀式直接相關。后來食禮由人與神鬼的溝通擴展出人與人的交際,以便調節(jié)日益復雜的社會關系,逐步形成吉禮、兇禮、軍禮、賓禮、佳禮等“先秦五禮”,奠定了古代飲食禮制的基石。作為漢族傳統(tǒng)的古代宴飲禮儀,自有一套程序:主人折柬相邀,屆時迎客于門外。客齊后導客入席,以左為上,視為首席,相對首座為二座,首座之下為三座,二座之下為四座。席間斟酒上菜也有一定的講究:應先敬長者和主賓,最后才是主人。這種傳統(tǒng)宴飲禮儀在我國大部分地區(qū)保留至今,如山東、香港及臺灣,許多影視作品中多有體現(xiàn)。餐桌禮儀在中國的文化傳統(tǒng)中特殊的意義,在中國,餐桌不僅僅是滿足基本的生理需求之地,還是重要的社會交往乃至提示處事經(jīng)驗的場所,餐桌上的禮儀體現(xiàn)了一個人教養(yǎng)和素質。二、西方餐桌禮儀西方餐桌禮儀起源于法國梅羅文加王朝,當時因著拜占庭文化啟發(fā),制定了一系列細致的禮儀?;实郾仨氉罡叩囊巫樱慨敇仿曧懫?,王公貴族必須將菜肴傳到皇帝手中。在帝制時代,餐桌禮儀顯得繁瑣、嚴苛,不同民族有不一樣的用餐習慣。歐洲的餐桌禮儀由騎士精神演變而來。時至今日,餐桌禮儀還在歐洲國家繼續(xù)傳留下去。從孩子上餐桌的第一天開始,家長就對其進行餐桌禮儀的培養(yǎng)。五歲的孩子都樂于做一些餐前擺好所有的餐具,餐后收拾餐具等力所能及的事情。教育孩子們盡量少用易拉罐等現(xiàn)成的食品,并注意節(jié)約用水、用電。三、中西方餐桌禮儀的差異中國和美國在餐桌上的要求存在很大差異,并各有特色,體現(xiàn)了不同的餐桌禮儀??鬃釉凇抖Y記》里講“飲食男女,人之大欲存焉。因此中國人對飲食十分重視。而西方國家則更珍惜時間,做事以效率為原則,所以快餐店大行其道。主菜很可能就是幾道數(shù)量不多但是比較珍貴的蔬菜。同時中國的主人會不時往客人的碗里添布新菜,經(jīng)??腿说耐氡恢魅藠A的菜裝得滿滿的,但是在西方這是非常不禮貌的行為,主人的布菜會讓客人覺得自己的意愿沒有受到尊重。西方的餐桌禮儀講究禮儀和素養(yǎng),整個就餐過程應該是十分安靜的,舉止也十分優(yōu)雅。在宴請中,年紀大的長者或是主人,以及德高望重的人坐到主要位置,其他客人會按順序入座;而西方國家在宴請客人中,習慣用長桌,主人會坐在桌子的兩端,而客人則按照次序入座,這種差異反映了中西方思想方面的差異,中國人喜歡幸福圓滿的感覺,所以選擇圓形的桌子。(四)餐具陳設和使用的不同筷子是中餐最重要的餐具。不論筷子上是否殘留著食物,都不要去舔;和人交談時,要暫時放下筷子;不要把筷子豎直插放在食物上面;不能用筷子剔牙’撓癢或夾取食物以外的東西。用勺子取食物時,不要過滿,免得溢出來弄臟餐桌或自己的衣服。西方餐具擺放時托盤居中,左叉右刀,刀尖向上,刀口向內,盤前橫匙,主食靠左,餐具靠右,其余用具酌情擺放。西餐中餐巾放在盤子里,如果在賓客尚未落坐前需要往盤子里放某種物品時,餐巾就放在盤子旁邊。一般用右手拿湯匙和杯子用餐具把食物送到嘴里,而不要把盤碗端起來。使用刀時,刀刃不可向外,而且不可將刀叉的一端放在盤子上,另一端放在桌子上;進餐中需要暫時放下刀叉時,應擺成八字型,分別放置餐盤邊上,刀刃朝向自己,表示還要繼續(xù)吃;用餐結束后將叉子的背面向上,刀刃向內與叉子并攏,平息放置于餐盤上,表示用餐結束。用完刀叉后,應將其橫放于餐盤中央,而不是盤邊或餐桌上。中國人的思維是綜合性的,在思考的過程中注重集體利益,而西方人則偏好分析性思維,在思考過程中以個人為中心,思維上更強調個人主義和自我,注重個性的張揚。如:中國學生在解讀《灰姑娘》時總是會一致認為后母和姐姐們是壞人,罪不可赦,灰姑娘是個善良的女孩,而西方學生會得出各種結論:后母對自己的孩子是很好的,是一個好母親,灰姑娘在家人不在的時候偷偷去參加舞會是不誠實的。他們是最深層的文化,所以價值觀反映出我們舉止的不同,思維的不同。中國人崇尚中庸的思想,主張通過努力來調和各種矛盾以達到共贏的結果。價值觀的差異影響的意義深遠,不僅在心靈思想上有著不小的影響,同時也可以影響整個國家的體系。因此在中西方交往之前,對對方的餐桌禮儀了解