【正文】 的研究與應(yīng)用。 （ 5）提高模具生產(chǎn)效率、降低成本 和縮短模具生產(chǎn)周期的各種快速經(jīng)濟(jì)模具制造技術(shù)。例如熱流道技術(shù)、氣輔技術(shù)、虛擬技術(shù)、納米技術(shù)、高速掃描技術(shù)、逆向工程、并行工程等技術(shù)在模具研究、開(kāi)發(fā)、加工過(guò)程中的應(yīng)用 （ 7）原材料在模具中成形的仿真技術(shù)。 （ 9）模具及模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件、重要輔件的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)。 （ 11）優(yōu)質(zhì)、新型模具材料的研究與開(kāi)發(fā)及其正確應(yīng)用。 模具行業(yè)在 “十一五 ”期間需要解決的重點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵技 術(shù)應(yīng)是模具信息化、數(shù)字化技術(shù)和精密、超精、高速、高效制造技術(shù)方面的突破。雖然模具種類繁多，但其發(fā)展重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是既能滿足大量需要，又有較高技術(shù)含量，特別是目前國(guó)內(nèi)尚不能自給，需大量進(jìn)口的模具和能代表發(fā)展方向的大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽 9 命模具。因此，一些重要的模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件也必須重點(diǎn)發(fā)展，而且其發(fā)展速度應(yīng)快于模具的發(fā)展速度，這樣才能不斷提高我國(guó)模具標(biāo) 準(zhǔn)化水平，從而提高模具質(zhì)量，縮短模具生產(chǎn)周期，降低成本。根據(jù)上述需要量大、技術(shù)含量高、代表發(fā)展方向、出口前景好的原則選擇重點(diǎn)發(fā)展產(chǎn)品，而且所選產(chǎn)品必須目前已有一定技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，屬于有條件、有可能發(fā)展起來(lái)的產(chǎn)品。汽車覆蓋件模具主要為汽車配套，也包括為農(nóng)用車、工程機(jī)械和農(nóng)機(jī)配套的覆 蓋件模具，它在沖壓模具中具有很大的代表性，模具大都是大中型，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，技術(shù)要求高。此類模具我國(guó)已有一定的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，已為中檔轎車配套，但水平還不高，能力不足，目前滿足率只有一半左右。 （ 2）精密沖壓模具 多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模和精沖模代表了沖壓模具的發(fā)展方向，精度要求壽命要求極高，主要為電子工業(yè)、汽車、儀器儀表、電機(jī)電器等配套。 （ 3）大型精密塑料模具 塑料模具占模具總量近 40%，而且這個(gè)比例還在上升。 （ 4）主要模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件 目前國(guó) 內(nèi)已有較大產(chǎn)量的模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件主要是模架、導(dǎo)向件、推桿推管、彈性元件等。氮?dú)飧缀蜔崃鞯涝饕揽窟M(jìn)口，應(yīng)在現(xiàn)有基礎(chǔ)上提高水平，形成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并組織規(guī)?；a(chǎn)。鎂合金壓鑄模具目前雖然剛起步，但發(fā)展前景好，有代表性。與快速成型技術(shù)相結(jié)合的一些快速制模技術(shù)及相應(yīng)的快速經(jīng)濟(jì)模具具有很好的發(fā)展前景。 10 附件 2：外文原文 Mold design and manufacture The mold is the manufacturing industry important craft foundation, in our country, the mold manufacture belongs to the special purpose equipment manufacturing industry. China although very already starts to make the mold and the use mold, but longterm has not formed the industry. Straight stabs 0 centuries 8039。s development also quite rapid . Although the Chinese mold industrial development rapid, but pares with the demand, obviously falls short of demand, its main gap concentrates precisely to, largescale, is plex, the long life mold domain. As a result of in aspect and so on mold precision, life, manufacture cycle and productivity, China and the international average horizontal and the developed country still had a bigger disparity, therefore, needed massively to import the mold every year . The Chinese mold industry except must continue to sharpen the productivity, from now on will have emphatically to the profession internal structure adjustment and the stateofart enhancement. The structure adjustment aspect, mainly is the enterprise structure to the specialized adjustment, the product structure to center the upscale mold development, to the import and export structure improvement, center the upscale automobile cover mold forming analysis and the structure improvement, the multipurpose pound mold and the pound processing and the laser technology in the mold design manufacture application, the highspeed cutting, the superfinishing and polished the technology, the information direction develops . The recent years, the mold profession structure adjustment and the anizational reform step enlarges, mainly displayed in, largescale, precise, was plex, the long life, center the upscale mold and the mold standard letter development speed is higher than the mon mold product。 Specialized mold factory quantity and its productivity increase。 The joint stock system transformation step speeds up and so on. Distributes from the area looked, take Zhujiang Delta and Yangtze River delta as central southeast coastal area development quickly to midwest area, south development quickly to north. At present develops quickest, the mold produces the most centralized province is Guangdong and Zhejiang, places such as Jiangsu, Shanghai, Anhui and Shandong also has a bigger development in recent years . Although our country mold total quantity had at present achieved the suitable scale, the mold level also has the very big enhancement, after but design manufacture horizontal overall rise and fall industry developed country and so on Yu De, America, date, France, Italy many. The current existence question and the disparity mainly display in following several aspects: (1) The total quantity falls short of demand Domestic mold assembling oneself rate only ,about 70%. Lowgrade mold , center upscale mold assembling oneself rate only has 50% about . (2) The enterprise anizational structure, the product structure, the technical structure and the import and export structure does not gather Iin our country mold production factory to be most is from the labor mold workshop which produces assembles oneself (branch factory), from produces assembles oneself the proportion to reach as high as about 60%, but the overseas mold ultra 70% is the modity mold. The specialized mold factory mostly is large and plete, small and entire anization form, but overseas mostly is small but, is specially small and fine. Domestic largescale, precise, plex, the long life mold accounts for the total quantity proportion to be insufficient 30%, but overseas in 50% above 2021 years, ratio of the mold import and export is :1, the import and export balances the after import volume to 11 amount to billion US dollars, is world mold import quantity biggest country . (3) The mold product level greatly is lower than the international standard The production cycle actually is higher than the international water broad product level low mainly to display in the mold precision, cavity aspect and so on surface roughness, life and structure . (4) Develops the ability badly, economic efficiency unsatisfactory our country mold enterprise technical personnel proportion low The level is lower, also does not take the product development, frequently is in the passive position in the market. Our country each mold staff average year creation output value approximately ,ten thousand US dollars, overseas mold industry developed country mostly 15 to10,000 US dollars, some reach as high as 25 to10,000 US dollars, relative is our country quite part of molds enterprises also continues to use the workshop type management with it, truly realizes the enterprise which the modernized enterprise manages few To create the above disparity the reason to be very many, the mold longterm has not obtained th