【正文】 tion and current demand of our country of engineering level in industrialization. Though very fast from watching the development of our country vertically, have disparity horizontally more than (pare foreign countries with) not merely engineering level, there is disparity too in development speed in some aspects, namely the engineering level disparity between some highgrade , precision and advanced numerical control equipment has the tendency to expand . Watch from world, estimate roughly as follows about the engineering level of numerical control of our country and industrialization level. a. On the engineering level, in probably backward 101 years with the advanced level in foreign countries, it is bigger in highquality precision and sophisticated technology. b. On the industrialization level, the occupation rate of market is low, the variety coverage rate is little, have not formed the largescale production yet。 Appearance quality is relatively poor。 One39。 It is not strong that the technological application of numerical control expands dynamics。s process arduousness , plexity and longterm characteristic of domestic numerical control insufficiently。 It is not enough to analyse to the technological application level and ability of numerical control of our country. b. System. Pay close attention to numerical control industrialization many in the issue, consider numerical control industrialization little in the issue synthetically in terms of the systematic one, industry chain in terms of technology。 the project of key technology is indifferent. The standard of the lathe lags behind, the level is relatively low, it is not enough for new standard of the numerical control system to study. 3 pairs of strategic thinking of technology and industrialized development of numerical control of our country Strategic consideration Our country make big country, industry is it is it accept front instead of transformation of back end to try one39。s question , at first seen from social safety, because manufacturing industry whether our country obtain employment most populous trade, the development of manufacturing industry not only can improve the people39。 Secondly seen from national defense security, the western developed country has classified all the highgrade , precision and advanced numerical control products as the strategic materials of the country, realizing the embargo and restriction to our country, Toshiba incident and Cox Report is the best illustration. Development tactics Proceed from the angles of the fundamental realities of the country of our country, regard the strategic demand of the country and market demand of national economy as the direction, regard improving our country and making the prehensive competitive power of equipping industry and industrialization level as the goal, use the systematic method , be able to choose to make key technology upgraded in development of equipping industry and support technology supporting the development of industrialization in our country in initial stage of 21st century in leading factor, the ability to supply the necessary technology realizes making the jump development of the equipping industry as the content of research and development . Emphasize market demand is a direction, namely take terminal products of numerical control as the core, with the plete machine (Such as the numerical control lathe having a large capacity and a wide range, milling machine, high speed high precise highperformance numerical control lathe, digitized machinery of model, key industry key equipment, etc.) drive the development of the numerical control industry. Solve the numerical control system and relevant functions part especially The dependability that (digitized servo system and electrical machinery, high speed electric main shaft system and newenclosure that equip, etc.) and production scale question. There are no products that scale will not have high dependability。 Certainly, it is difficult to have day holding up one39。馬克思曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò) “各種經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代的區(qū)別，不在于生產(chǎn)什么，而在于怎樣生產(chǎn)，用什么勞動(dòng)資料生產(chǎn) ”。當(dāng)今世界各國(guó)制造業(yè)廣泛采用數(shù)控技術(shù)，以提高制造能力和水平，提高對(duì)動(dòng)態(tài) 多變市場(chǎng)的適應(yīng)能力和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力?？傊?，大力發(fā)展以數(shù)控技術(shù)為核心的先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)已成為世界各發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家加速經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、提高綜合國(guó)力和國(guó)家地位的重要途徑。 1 數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 數(shù)控技術(shù)的應(yīng)用不但給傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)帶來(lái)了革命性的變化，使制造業(yè)成為工業(yè)化的象征，而且隨著數(shù)控技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展和應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的擴(kuò)大，他對(duì)國(guó)計(jì)民生的一些重要行業(yè)（ IT、汽車(chē)、輕工、醫(yī)療等）的發(fā)展起著越來(lái)越重要的作用，因?yàn)檫@些行業(yè)所需裝備的數(shù)字化已是現(xiàn)代發(fā)展的大趨勢(shì)。 高速、高精加工 技術(shù)及裝備的新趨勢(shì) 效率、質(zhì)量是先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的主體。為此日本先端技術(shù)研究會(huì)將其列為 5大現(xiàn)代制造技術(shù)之一，國(guó)際生產(chǎn)工程學(xué)會(huì)（ CIRP）將其確定為 21 世紀(jì)的中心研究方向之一。近來(lái)采 用大型整體鋁合金坯料 “掏空 ”的方法來(lái)制造機(jī)翼、機(jī)身等大型零件來(lái)替代多個(gè)零件通過(guò)眾多的鉚釘、螺釘和其他聯(lián)結(jié)方式拼裝，使構(gòu)件的強(qiáng)度、剛度和可靠性得到提高。 從 EMO2021展會(huì)情況來(lái)看，高速加工中心進(jìn)給速度可達(dá) 80m/min，甚至更高，空運(yùn)行速度可達(dá) 100m/min左右。美國(guó) CINCINNATI公司的 HyperMach機(jī)床進(jìn)給速度最大達(dá) 60m/min，快速為 100m/min，加速度達(dá) 2g，主軸轉(zhuǎn)速已達(dá) 60 000r/min。 在加工精度方面，近 10年來(lái)，普通級(jí)數(shù)控機(jī)床的加工精度已由 10μm提高到 5μm，精密級(jí)加工中心則從 3～ 5μm，提高到 1～ ，并且超精密加工精度已開(kāi)始進(jìn)入納米級(jí) (m)。 為了實(shí)現(xiàn)高速、高精加工，與之配套的功能部件如電主軸、直線(xiàn)電機(jī)得到了快速的發(fā)展，應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。一般認(rèn)為， 1臺(tái) 5軸聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)床的效率可以等于 2臺(tái) 3軸聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)床，特別是使用立方氮化硼等超硬材料銑刀進(jìn)行高速銑削淬硬鋼零件時(shí)， 5軸聯(lián)動(dòng)加工可比 3軸聯(lián)動(dòng)加工發(fā)揮更高的效益。 當(dāng)前由于電主軸的出現(xiàn)，使得實(shí)現(xiàn) 5軸聯(lián)動(dòng)加工的復(fù)合主軸頭結(jié)構(gòu)大為簡(jiǎn)化，其制造難度和成本大幅度降低，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的價(jià)格差距縮小。 在 EMO2021展會(huì)上，新日本工機(jī)的 5面加工機(jī)床采用復(fù)合主軸頭，可實(shí)現(xiàn) 4個(gè)垂直平面的加工和任意角度的加工，使得 5面加工和 5軸加工可在同一臺(tái)機(jī)床上實(shí)現(xiàn)，還可實(shí)現(xiàn)傾斜面和倒錐孔的加工。 智能化、開(kāi)放式、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化成為當(dāng)代數(shù)控系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的主要趨勢(shì) 21世紀(jì)的數(shù)控裝備將是具有一定智能化的系統(tǒng)，智能化的內(nèi)容包括在數(shù)控系統(tǒng)中的各個(gè)方面：為追求加工效率和加工質(zhì)量方面的智能化，如加工過(guò)程的自適應(yīng)控制，工藝參數(shù)自動(dòng)生成；為提高驅(qū)動(dòng)性能及使用連接方便的智能化，如前饋控制、電機(jī)參數(shù)的自適應(yīng)運(yùn)算、自動(dòng)識(shí)別負(fù)載自動(dòng)選定模型、自整定等；簡(jiǎn)化編程、簡(jiǎn)化操作方面的智能化，如智能化的自動(dòng)編程、智能化的人機(jī)界面等；還有智能診斷、智能監(jiān)控方面的內(nèi) 容、方便系統(tǒng)的診斷及維修等。目前許多國(guó)家對(duì)開(kāi)放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究，如美國(guó)的 NGC(The Next Generation WorkStation/Machine Control)、歐共體的 OSACA(Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems)、日本的 OSEC(Open System Environment for Controller)，中國(guó)的 ONC(Open Numerical Control System)等。所謂開(kāi)放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)就是數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)可以在統(tǒng)一的運(yùn)行平臺(tái)上，面向機(jī)床廠(chǎng)家和最終用戶(hù)，通過(guò)改變、增加或剪裁結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)象（數(shù)控功能），形成系列化，并可方便地將用戶(hù)的特殊應(yīng)用和技術(shù)訣竅集成到控制系統(tǒng)中，快速實(shí)現(xiàn)不同品種、不同檔次的開(kāi)放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，形成具有鮮明個(gè)性的名牌產(chǎn)品。 網(wǎng)絡(luò)化數(shù)控裝備是近兩 年國(guó)際著名機(jī)床博覽會(huì)的一個(gè)新亮點(diǎn)。國(guó)內(nèi)外一些著名數(shù)控機(jī)床和數(shù)控系統(tǒng)制造公司都在近兩年推出了相關(guān)的新概念和樣機(jī)，如在 EMO2021展中，日本山崎馬扎克（ Mazak)公司展出的 “CyberProduction Center”（智能生