【正文】 g efforts to create one body. Either way, one benefit of a “ national” anization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one provinceor a series of hospitals within a provincenegotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces. 中國最大的資料庫下載 中國最大的資料庫下載 Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price. 43. A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review remends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included, predictably and regrettably Quebec refused to join. A few premiers are suspicious of any federalprovincial dealmaking. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That39。t gone anywhere while drug costs keep rising fast. 44. Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow39。s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec39。s report:“ the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescriptiondrug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug panies” C. What does “ national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby remended a federalprovincial body much like the recently created National Health Council. D. The problem is simple and stark: healthcare costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues. E. According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information. prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall healthcare spending. Part of the increase es from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices. F. So, if the provinces want to run the healthcare show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices. G. Of course the pharmaceutical panies will scream. They like divided buyers, they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its, list the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn39。s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyedand perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe .The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere multimedia groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one Italian example would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch e to mind. Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television panies are going to be able to pete plete in such a rich and hotlycontested market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television works no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. Moreover, the integration of the European munity will oblige television panies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution. (49) Creating a “ European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on coproductions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary for production costs. (50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no 中國最大的資料庫下載 中國最大的資料庫下載 exaggeration to say “ Unity we stand, divided we fall” and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “ Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that noheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country. Section Ⅲ Writing Part A 51. Directions: Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs amp