【正文】 emory Modules，高級(jí)雙重內(nèi)嵌式內(nèi)存模塊） AMR（Audio／Modem Riser；音效／調(diào)制解調(diào)器主機(jī)板附加直立插卡） AHA（Accelerated Hub Architecture，加速中心架構(gòu)） ASK IR（Amplitude Shift Keyed InfraRed，長(zhǎng)波形可移動(dòng)輸入紅外線） ATX: AT Extend（擴(kuò)展型AT） BIOS（Basic Input/Output System，基本輸入/輸出系統(tǒng)） CSE（Configuration Space Enable，可分配空間） DB: Device Bay，設(shè)備插架 DMI（Desktop Management Interface，桌面管理接口） EB（Expansion Bus，擴(kuò)展總線） EISA（Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture，增強(qiáng)形工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)架構(gòu)） EMI（Electromagnetic Interference，電磁干擾） ESCD（Extended System Configuration Data，可擴(kuò)展系統(tǒng)配置數(shù)據(jù)） FBC（Frame Buffer Cache，幀緩沖緩存） FireWire（火線，即IEEE1394標(biāo)準(zhǔn)） FSB: Front Side Bus，前置總線，即外部總線 FWH（ Firmware Hub，固件中心） GMCH（Graphics amp。　binary semaphore(二元信號(hào))　A type of semaphore with just two states. Also called a ?！　oard support package（板卡支持包）Part of a software package that is processor or platformdependent. Typically,sample source code for the board support package is provided by the package developer. The sample code must be modified as necessary, piled, and linked with the remainder of the software 。樣例源程序必須能在需要時(shí)被修改、編譯并與軟件包的剩下的部分連接起來(lái)。一個(gè)外合處理器絕大多數(shù)情況下只用在模擬器上，從來(lái)不會(huì)被特意用在產(chǎn)品系統(tǒng)上。大多數(shù)除錯(cuò)工具提供增加與刪除一個(gè)斷點(diǎn)的機(jī)制。對(duì)一種處理器架構(gòu)的描述。Intel的80x86家族是是典型的CISC處理器?！　PU（中央處理器）Central Processing Unit. The part of a processor that executes ?！　ompiler（編譯器）A software development tool that translates highlevel language programs into the machinelanguage instructions that a particular processor can understand and 。　　context switch（上下文切換）The process of switching from one task to another in a multitasking operating system. A context switch involves saving the context of the running ask and restoring the previouslysaved context of the other. The piece of code that does this is necessarily 。做這個(gè)工作的一段代碼必須具有處理器特權(quán)。僅僅在所有可用的資源都被用完了時(shí)才阻塞?！　ritical section（臨界段）A block of code that must be executed in sequence and without interruption to guarantee correct operation of the software. See also race ，并且不能被中斷，否則不能保證軟件正確地操作。　　crosspiler（交叉編譯器）A piler that runs on a different platform than the one for which it produces object code. A crosspiler runs on a host puter and produces object code for the ，其中之一能產(chǎn)生目標(biāo)代碼。D　　DMA（直接內(nèi)存訪問(wèn)）　　Direct Memory Access. A technique for transferring data directly between two peripherals (usually memory and an I/O device) with only minimal intervention by the processor. DMA transfers are managed by a third peripheral called a DMA 。DMA傳輸由叫DMA控制器的第三方外設(shè)進(jìn)行管理。一種RAM，存儲(chǔ)在其設(shè)備中的數(shù)據(jù)被定期刷新時(shí)才能保存它的內(nèi)容。　　Data bus（數(shù)據(jù)總線）A set of electrical lines connected to the processor and all of the peripherals with which it municates. When the processor wants to read (write) the contents of a memory location or register within a particular peripheral, it sets the address bus pins appropriately and receives (transmits) the contents on the data 。　　Deadline（死線）The time at which a particular set of putations must be pleted. See alsorealtime ?！　eadlock（死鎖）An unwanted software situation in which an entire set of tasks is blocked, w　　aiting for an event that only a task within the same set can cause. If a deadlock occurs, the only solution is to reset the hardware. However, it is usually possible to prevent deadlocks altogether by following certain software design ，在這個(gè)狀態(tài)下，所有的任務(wù)因?yàn)榈却粋€(gè)只有在這些被阻塞任務(wù)之一才能產(chǎn)生的事件而被阻塞。但是，通過(guò)可靠的軟件設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)通?？梢苑乐顾梨i的發(fā)生。它一般被放在ROM中，通過(guò)串口或網(wǎng)絡(luò)與除錯(cuò)器進(jìn)行通訊。除錯(cuò)監(jiān)視器組合這些簡(jiǎn)單的命令去實(shí)現(xiàn)象程序下載各單步調(diào)試等高端的請(qǐng)求。除錯(cuò)器在宿主機(jī)上運(yùn)行并且通過(guò)串口或網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接到目標(biāo)機(jī)上。你也可以設(shè)置斷點(diǎn)并檢查特定內(nèi)存地址或寄存器的內(nèi)容。　　device programmer（設(shè)備編程器）A tool for programming nonvolatile memories and other electricallyprogrammable devices. Typically, the programmable device is inserted into a socket on the device programmer and the contents of a memory buffer are then transferred into 。　　digital signal processor（數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器）A device that is similar to a microprocessor, except that the internal CPU has been optimized for use in applications involving discretetime signal processing. In addition to standard microprocessor instructions, DSPs usually support a set of plex instructions to perform mon signalprocessing 　putations DSP families are TIs 320Cxx and Motorolas 5600x ，不同的是它內(nèi)部的CPU被優(yōu)化，用于特定的應(yīng)用，如離散信號(hào)處理。通用DSP家庭是TI的320Cxx和Motorola的5600x系列。一種ROM能被電擦除。一次擦除后，EPROM可以在設(shè)備編程器的幫助下被重編程。在一些情況下，嵌入式系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)大的系統(tǒng)或產(chǎn)品的一部分，就象汽車上的防抱死裝置。