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翻譯題目也往往少不了被動(dòng)語態(tài)的處理。 翻譯被動(dòng)語態(tài)的常用方法技巧 ? 漢語中的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)不那么常用,因?yàn)閺牧?xí)慣上講,漢語中的 “被”、“遭”、“受”、“挨” 等字眼總是給人以不那么舒服的感覺,因此在英漢翻譯時(shí),我們應(yīng)盡量將被動(dòng)語態(tài)化為主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) ? 1.將英語被動(dòng)直接轉(zhuǎn)為漢語的主動(dòng) ? 1) Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed from one form into another. ? 每時(shí)每刻,能量都在由一種形式變?yōu)榱硪环N形式。(轉(zhuǎn)換為系表結(jié)構(gòu)) ? 2.將英語被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)為漢語的無主句 ? 1) The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end to. ? 必須立即終止這種的噪音。 ? 3. 英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)保持不變 ? 英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)的翻譯,在必要的時(shí)候(尤其是用以表達(dá)令人不快的事件)也可以譯作漢語的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),分別譯作 “被”、“給”、“遭”、“受”、“讓”、“為 …… 所” 等字眼。 ? 2) At the end of the month he was fired for inpetence. ? 月底,他因自己無能而給解雇了。在這種情況下,就只能根據(jù)原文的意思進(jìn)行意譯。 ? 2) Most trees are denuded of leaves in winter. ? 大多數(shù)樹木冬天要落葉。不過也并非見到 yes便是“是”,no便是“不”,有很多情況需要根據(jù)具體問題酌情處理, ? Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.( 2022) ? 字面翻譯:直到這些問題被解決,研究行為的技術(shù)手段就會(huì)繼續(xù)被排斥,解決問題的唯一方式可能也隨之繼續(xù)受到排斥。 ? (正說反譯) 正反交替的一般處理方法 ? 1. 英語為肯定式,漢語譯作否定式 ? 1) It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. (prep.) ? 他無權(quán)簽訂這種合同。 (副詞 worst由“最糟”之意轉(zhuǎn)譯為“最不善于” ) ? 2. 英語為否定式,漢語譯作肯定式 ? 1) Don?t lose time in posting this letter. ? 趕快把這封信寄出去。(不長胖→ 照樣瘦) ? 3.同一詞語,既可譯作肯定式,又可譯作否定式 ? 1) I?m new to the work. ? 這工作我是生手。) ? 2) He is free with his money. ? 他花錢大手大腳。) ? 4.英語中的雙重否定結(jié)構(gòu) ? 1) There is no rule that has no exception. ? 所有的規(guī)則都有例外。) ? 2) There is not any advantage without disadvantage. ? 有一利必有一弊。 ? 4) It is impossible but that a man will make some mistakes. ? 人不會(huì)不犯錯(cuò)誤。) ? 5.否定的轉(zhuǎn)移 ? 英語動(dòng)詞 think, believe, suppose,not…because 等否定結(jié)構(gòu),在譯成漢語時(shí),須將否定的部位由句子的前面轉(zhuǎn)移到后面,這就叫做“否定的轉(zhuǎn)移”。 ? 2) She didn?t believe that such things mattered much. ? 她認(rèn)為這種事情無關(guān)緊要。 ? 2) All cities did not look like as they do today. ? 在過去,城市并不都像今天這樣個(gè)個(gè)千篇一律。 ? 2) Both the instruments are not precision ones. ? 這兩件東西不都是精密儀器。 ? 2) I shall never be able to stress too much for your kindness. ? 不管我怎么感謝你,都不足以報(bào)恩于萬一。 ? for all… (盡管 …… ;不;說不定) ? 1) He seemed as fresh as ever, for all that I never saw him drink or eat. ? 盡管我從未見到他喝點(diǎn)什么或吃點(diǎn)什么,他似乎仍然精神飽滿。 ? It be + adj. + noun + that… (再 …… 也會(huì) …… ) ? 1) It is a good workman that never blunders. ? 智者千慮,必有一失。) ? 2) It is a long lane that has no end. ? 路必有彎。) ? 3) It is an ill wind that blows nobody good. ? 壞事未必對人人都有害處。) X. 定語從句 合分替換 ? They are the possessions of the autonomous (selfgoverning) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. ( 2022) ? 自由和尊嚴(yán)(它們)是傳統(tǒng)理論定義的自主人所擁有的,是要求一個(gè)人對自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)并因其業(yè)績而給予肯定的必不可少的前提。 ? 2) In the room where the electronic puter is kept, there must be no dust at all. ? 在存放電子計(jì)算機(jī)的房間里,不能有一點(diǎn)灰塵。 ? 3. 兼有狀語功能的定語從句的譯例 ? 1) We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays than our eyes, can see clearly in the night. ? 我們知道, 由于 貓的眼睛比我們?nèi)说难劬δ芪崭嗟墓饩€,所以貓?jiān)诤谝挂材芸吹煤芮宄?。(表示條件) ? I?ll try to get an illustrated dictionary dealing with technical glossary, which will enable me to translate scientific literature more exactly. ? 我要設(shè)法弄一本有插圖的技術(shù)名詞詞典, 以便把科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)譯