【正文】 表、航天航空等國家支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)及與人民日常生活相關(guān)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。目前，我國模具生產(chǎn)廠點(diǎn)約有3萬多家，從業(yè)人數(shù)80多萬人。2006年，我國塑料模具總產(chǎn)值約300多億元人民幣，其中出口額約58億元人民幣。在我國，廣東、上海、浙江、江蘇、安徽是主要生產(chǎn)中心。注塑模具在量和質(zhì)方面都有較快的發(fā)展，我國最大的注塑模具單套重量己超過50噸，最精密的注塑模具精度己達(dá)到2微米。在CAD/CAM技術(shù)得到普及的同時(shí)， CAE技術(shù)應(yīng)用越來越廣，以 CAD/CAM/CAE一體化得到發(fā)展，模具新結(jié)構(gòu)、新品種、新工藝、新材料的創(chuàng)新成果不斷涌現(xiàn)，特別是汽車、家電等工業(yè)快速發(fā)展，使得注塑模的發(fā)展迅猛。一些大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命的中高檔塑料模具每年仍需大量進(jìn)口。大力提高注塑模開發(fā)能力。目前，電視機(jī)和顯示器外殼、空調(diào)器外殼、摩托車塑件等已采用這種方法，手機(jī)和電話機(jī)模具開發(fā)也已開始嘗試。隨著模具企業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)和加工水平的提高，注塑模具的制造正在從過去主要依靠鉗工的技藝轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹饕揽考夹g(shù)。這一趨勢(shì)使得模具的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度不斷提高，模具精度越來越高，生產(chǎn)周期越來越短，鉗工比例越來越低，最終促進(jìn)了模具工業(yè)整體水平不斷提高。與此趨勢(shì)相適應(yīng)，生產(chǎn)模具的主要骨干力量從技藝型人才逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榧夹g(shù)型人才是必然要求。在信息社會(huì)中，作為一個(gè)高水平的現(xiàn)代模具企業(yè)，單單只是CAD/CAM的應(yīng)用已遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。向信息化方向發(fā)展這一趨向已成為行業(yè)共識(shí)。隨著人類社會(huì)的不斷進(jìn)步，模具必然會(huì)向更廣泛的領(lǐng)域和更高水平發(fā)展。因此，模具企業(yè)應(yīng)把握這個(gè)趨向，不斷提高綜合素質(zhì)和國際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。為了滿足市場(chǎng)需要，未來的塑料模具無論是品種、結(jié)構(gòu)、性能還是加工都必將有較快發(fā)展。更高性能及滿足特殊用途的模具新材料將會(huì)不斷發(fā)展，隨之將產(chǎn)生一些特殊的、更為先進(jìn)的加工方法。中國塑料模具行業(yè)和國外先進(jìn)水平相比，主要存在以下問題。雖然個(gè)別企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品已達(dá)到或接近國際先進(jìn)水平，但總體來看，模具的精度、型腔表面的粗糙度、生產(chǎn)周期、壽命等指標(biāo)與國外先進(jìn)水平相比尚有較大差距。工藝裝備落后，組織協(xié)調(diào)能力差。更主要的是，企業(yè)組織協(xié)調(diào)能力差，難以整合或調(diào)動(dòng)社會(huì)資源為我所用，從而就難以承接比較大的項(xiàng)目。近幾年，國產(chǎn)塑料模具國內(nèi)市場(chǎng)滿足率一直不足74%，其中大型、精密、長(zhǎng)壽命模具滿足率更低，估計(jì)不足60%。市場(chǎng)需求旺盛，生產(chǎn)發(fā)展一時(shí)還難以跟上，供不應(yīng)求的局面還將持續(xù)一段時(shí)間。一方面是技術(shù)人員比例低、水平不夠高，另一方面是科研開發(fā)投入少；更重要的是觀念落后，對(duì)創(chuàng)新和開發(fā)不夠重視。這既要求塑料機(jī)械企業(yè)在技術(shù)人才、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新方面要具有雄厚的實(shí)力，也要求企業(yè)能在第一時(shí)間內(nèi)準(zhǔn)確把握客戶的個(gè)性化需求。我國目前的模具開發(fā)制造水平比國際先進(jìn)水平至少相差10年，特別是大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命模具的產(chǎn)需矛盾十分突出，已成為嚴(yán)重制約我國制造業(yè)發(fā)展的瓶頸。因此，我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)清形勢(shì)，認(rèn)準(zhǔn)方向加快發(fā)展速度，而不是永遠(yuǎn)依靠進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品。塑料模具盡管成為時(shí)下最為誘人的“奶酪”，但櫻桃好吃樹難栽。專家認(rèn)為，目前中國與國外水平相比還存在較大差距，眼前需盡快突破制約模具產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的三大瓶頸：一是加大塑料材料與注塑工藝的研發(fā)力度；二是塑模企業(yè)應(yīng)向園區(qū)發(fā)展，加快資源整合；三是模具試模結(jié)果檢驗(yàn)等工裝水平必須盡快跟上，否則塑料模具發(fā)展將受到制約。s Daily life and related fields of a wide range of applications. Plastic products forming method although many, but the main method is injection forming, the world plastic mould plastic forming mold production in the market in about half is injection mold.At present, our country mold production ChangDian about more than 30000, the number of employees more than 80 people. 2005 die export $740 million, more than $2004 in 490 million to about 50% growth, are high in the world. In 2006, China39。s largest single set of weight of injection mold has more than 50 tons, the precision of injection mold oneself achieve precision 2 microns. High precision parts of small module gear mould and reach the requirements of the highlights learn lamp mould etc has also can produce, plastic mold cavity has been able to produce a mode of plastic mold cavity 7800, highspeed mold production speed can have up to 6 m/min above the highspeed plastic different profile extrusion die and the dual chamber coextrusion profiles, doublecolor coextrusion, soft hard coextrusion, were crowded, again of extrusion and low foaming raw steelplastic coextrusion, etc. Various kinds of mold. In CAD/CAM technology proliferates, CAE technology used more and more widely to CAD/CAM/CAE integration get development, mould new structures and new varieties, new technology, new material of creative work constantly emerging, especially car, home electrical appliances industry fast development, the development of injection mold makes rapid.The whole China plastic mould whether in quantity, or in quality, technology and ability has made a great progress, but with the needs of the development of the national economy, the world advanced level, pared to a gap still. Some large, sophisticated, plex, the long life of highgrade plastic mould still need to import a lot of every year. In the total amount of demand exceeding supply at the same time, some cheap plastic mold but supply exceeds demand, market petition is intense, and some technical content is too high middlegrade plastic mould also has the trend of supply exceeds demand.After a recent development, plastic mould has shown some new development tendency:1, improve the injection mold development ability.Will development work to push forth as far as possible, until the intervention to mould users of the product development, even in there is no explicit user object before development, change the passive to active.At present, the television and display enclosure, air conditioner shell, motorcycle plastic parts, are using this method, the mobile phone and telephone mould development has also started to try. This kind of practice broke the mold factory for a long time can only wait to have the contract, can according to the requirements of users of the die design of the passive situation.2, injection molding skill from rely on fitter into rely on modern technology.As mould design and processing enterprises to raise the level of, injection mould manufacturing is from the past relies mainly on the transformation of the skills of fitter mainly rely on technology. This is not only the means of production change, and change the way of production and the rise of the concept. This is a trend continuing to improve the standardization the accuracy is more and more high, production cycle and shorter, more and more low proportion fitter, and finally achieve the overall level of die and mould industry is present our country more than 10 national high and new technology enterprise, about 200 ﹑ high technology and new technology enterprise. And adapt to the trend, the main production mold backbone strength from skill talented person gradually into technology talents is an inevitable requirement.3, mold production is to information rapid development.In the information society, as a high level of modern mold enterprise, just CAD/CAM application already is far from enough. At present many enterprises have used the CAE, CAT, PDM, CAPP, KBE, KBS, RE, CIMS, ERP technology and other advanced manufacturing technology and virtual network technology and so on, these are the performance of the information. To information way this trend has bee the industry consensus.4, injection mold to more wide scope development.With human society advances, mould will to a wide range of areas and higher level development. Now, can grasp the opportunity, to develop the market, has found a new growth point of the mould enterprise and can produce high technology content of the business is very mold enterprise is booming, the profit level and the i